{"id":20588,"date":"2024-11-08T09:55:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T01:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=20588"},"modified":"2024-11-08T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T01:55:34","slug":"%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2prometheus%e7%9a%84%e6%97%a0%e9%99%90%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/20588.html","title":{"rendered":"\u63a2\u7d22Prometheus\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81ea\u5176\u8bde\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\u4fbf\u5728IT\u9886\u57df\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u6ce2\u6f9c\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prometheus<\/a>\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u4e00\u76d1\u63a7\u5229\u5668\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff08Time Series Data\uff09\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6307\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u9879\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u3002Prometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u81ea\u5e26\u7684 exporters \u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 metrics 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Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\uff08targets\uff09\u6765\u5b9a\u671f\u62c9\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exporters<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684exporters\u5305\u62ecnode_exporter\u3001mysql_exporter\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pushgateway<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u901a\u8fc7Prometheus Server\u76f4\u63a5\u62c9\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001Webhook\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PromQL\uff08Prometheus Query Language\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u62c9\u53d6\uff08Pull\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u3002Prometheus 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class=\"language-promql\">cpu_usage{job=&quot;node_exporter&quot;, instance=&quot;192.168.1.1&quot;}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u6807\u7b7e\u4e3a<code>job=&quot;node_exporter&quot;<\/code>\u548c<code>instance=&quot;192.168.1.1&quot;<\/code>\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>PromQL\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u805a\u5408\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">sum(rate(cpu_usage[5m])) by (job)<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185\u6240\u6709<code>cpu_usage<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u6309<code>job<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u544a\u8b66\u4e0eAlertmanager<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u529f\u80fd\u7531Alertmanager\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0cPrometheus\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u63a8\u9001\u7ed9Alertmanager\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Alertmanager\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001Webhook\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u544a\u8b66\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u9759\u9ed8\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">alerting:<br \/>\n  alertmanagers:<br \/>\n  - static_configs:<br \/>\n    - targets:<br \/>\n      - 'localhost:9093'<br \/>\n<br \/>\nrule_files:<br \/>\n  - 'alerting_rules.yml'<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<code>alerting_rules.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">groups:<br \/>\n- name: example<br \/>\n  rules:<br \/>\n  - alert: HighCpuUsage<br \/>\n    expr: cpu_usage &gt; 0.8<br \/>\n    for: 5m<br \/>\n    labels:<br \/>\n      severity: warning<br \/>\n    annotations:<br \/>\n      summary: &quot;High CPU usage detected&quot;<br \/>\n      description: &quot;CPU usage is above 80% for more than 5 minutes&quot;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f53<code>cpu_usage<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u8d85\u8fc70.8\uff08\u537380%\uff09\u4e14\u6301\u7eed5\u5206\u949f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u540d\u4e3a<code>HighCpuUsage<\/code>\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7node_exporter\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0cPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener 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