{"id":20795,"date":"2024-11-08T11:49:29","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T03:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=20795"},"modified":"2024-11-08T11:49:29","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T03:49:29","slug":"%e8%b5%b0%e8%bf%9bprometheus%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%ef%bc%9a%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/20795.html","title":{"rendered":"\u8d70\u8fdbPrometheus\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Prometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u9996\u9009\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Prometheus<\/a>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u3001\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

1. \u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b9a\u5236\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd8\u662f\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

2. \u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u805a\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97Prometheus\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

3. \u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\uff08Prometheus Query Language\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

4. \u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u91c7\u7528\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

5. \u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001Webhook\u7b49\uff09\u53ca\u65f6\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

1. Prometheus Server<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus Server\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\uff08Target\uff09\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u62c9\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

2. Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Exporter\u662fPrometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPrometheus\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Exporter\u5305\u62ecNode Exporter\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3b\u673a\u6307\u6807\uff09\u3001MySQL Exporter\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6307\u6807\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

3. Pushgateway<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Pushgateway\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u901a\u8fc7Prometheus Server\u76f4\u63a5\u62c9\u53d6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u5230Pushgateway\uff0c\u518d\u7531Prometheus Server\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

4. Alertmanager<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Alertmanager\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u7531Prometheus Server\u751f\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

5. Grafana<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

\u867d\u7136Grafana\u5e76\u975ePrometheus\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662fPrometheus\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Grafana\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5c55\u793a\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

1. \u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Node Exporter\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0cPrometheus\u80fd\u591f\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

2. \u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u7b49\uff0cPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cdExporter\u91c7\u96c6\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u7b49\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

3. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Exporter\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

4. \u5bb9\u5668\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eKubernetes\u7b49\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u3002Prometheus\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5Prometheus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee5Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecdPrometheus\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

# \u4e0b\u8f7dPrometheus\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6
\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/prometheus\/releases\/download\/v2.35.0\/prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\n
\n# \u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6
\ntar -xzf prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\n
\n# \u8fdb\u5165Prometheus\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64
\n
\n# \u542f\u52a8Prometheus
\n.\/prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
2. \u914d\u7f6ePrometheus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7prometheus.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
global:
\n  scrape_interval: 15s
\n
\nscrape_configs:
\n  - job_name: 'prometheus'
\n    static_configs:
\n      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
\n
\n  - job_name: 'node'
\n    static_configs:
\n      - targets: ['192.168.1.1:9100']
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0cglobal<\/code>\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u95f4\u9694\uff0cscrape_configs<\/code>\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fPrometheus\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Node Exporter\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
3. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5Node Exporter\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
# \u4e0b\u8f7dNode Exporter\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6
\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter\/releases\/download\/v1.3.1\/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\n
\n# \u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6
\ntar -xzf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\n
\n# \u8fdb\u5165Node Exporter\u76ee\u5f55
\ncd node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64
\n
\n# \u542f\u52a8Node Exporter
\n.\/node_exporter
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0cNode Exporter\u4f1a\u76d1\u542c9100\u7aef\u53e3\uff0cPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3b\u673a\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
4. \u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
Prometheus\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u901a\u8fc7rules<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
groups:
\n  - name: example
\n    rules:
\n      - alert: HighCpuUsage
\n        expr: cpu_usage > 0.8
\n        for: 5m
\n        labels:
\n          severity: warning
\n        annotations:
\n          summary: "High CPU usage detected"
\n          description: "CPU usage is above 80% for more than 5 minutes"
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d85\u8fc780%\u5e76\u6301\u7eed5\u5206\u949f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u540d\u4e3aHighCpuUsage<\/code>\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
5. \u4f7f\u7528Grafana\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
Grafana\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u914d\u7f6eGrafana\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n
  1. \u767b\u5f55Grafana\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u5de6\u4fa7\u83dc\u5355\u7684\u201cConfiguration\u201d -> \u201cData Sources\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  2. \u70b9\u51fb\u201cAdd data source\u201d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u201cPrometheus\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  3. \u5728\u201cURL\u201d\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165Prometheus\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982http:\/\/localhost:9090<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  4. \u70b9\u51fb\u201cSave & Test\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
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    Prometheus\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
    1. \u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u90e8\u7f72Prometheus\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u5408\u7406\u89c4\u5212\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91c7\u96c6\u8fc7\u591a\u65e0\u7528\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    2. \u4f18\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
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    3. \u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
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    4. \u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
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