{"id":20974,"date":"2024-11-12T10:04:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T02:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=20974"},"modified":"2024-11-12T10:04:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T02:04:50","slug":"%e7%a7%91%e6%99%aeebpf%ef%bc%9a%e5%a2%9e%e5%bc%ba%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e9%9a%9c%e8%af%8a%e6%96%ad%e8%83%bd%e5%8a%9b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/20974.html","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u666eeBPF\uff1a\u589e\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u80fd\u529b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\teBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5df2\u5927\u5e45\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8eBPF<\/a>\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u589e\u5f3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8eBPF\uff08Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7531\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684BPF\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001\u548c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5230\u8fbe\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u7b49\u3002eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff08eBPF VM\uff09\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n
  1. eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  2. eBPF maps<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  3. \u94a9\u5b50\uff08Hooks\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  4. eBPF VM<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

    eBPF\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n
    1. \u7f16\u5199eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    2. \u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982clang<\/code>\u548cllc<\/code>\u5c06C\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210eBPF\u5b57\u8282\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    3. \u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u6302\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5e76\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    4. \u6267\u884c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u5230eBPF maps\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    5. \u7528\u6237\u6001\u5de5\u5177\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982bpftrace\u3001bcc\u7b49\uff09\u8bfb\u53d6eBPF maps\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

      eBPF\u5728\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

      1. \u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

      eBPF\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5176\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bca\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\u76d1\u63a7TCP\u91cd\u4f20\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6216\u62e5\u585e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      #include <linux\/bpf.h>
      \n#include <bpf\/bpf_helpers.h>
      \n
      \nstruct {
      \n    __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH);
      \n    __uint(max_entries, 1024);
      \n    __type(key, __u32); \/\/ TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u56db\u5143\u7ec4\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c
      \n    __type(value, __u32); \/\/ \u91cd\u4f20\u6b21\u6570
      \n} tcp_retrans_map SEC(".maps");
      \n
      \nSEC("tcp_retrans")
      \nint monitor_tcp_retrans(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcphdr *tcp) {
      \n    __u32 key = skb->hash;
      \n    __u32 *retrans_count = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&tcp_retrans_map, &key);
      \n    if (retrans_count) {
      \n        *retrans_count += 1;
      \n    } else {
      \n        __u32 init_count = 1;
      \n        bpf_map_update_elem(&tcp_retrans_map, &key, &init_count, BPF_ANY);
      \n    }
      \n    return 0;
      \n}
      \n
      \nchar _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      2. \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bca\u65ad\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\u76d1\u63a7\u7279\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u8017\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      #include <linux\/bpf.h>
      \n#include <bpf\/bpf_helpers.h>
      \n
      \nstruct syscall_stats {
      \n    __u64 count;
      \n    __u64 total_time;
      \n};
      \n
      \nstruct {
      \n    __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
      \n    __uint(max_entries, 1024);
      \n    __type(key, __u32); \/\/ \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u53f7
      \n    __type(value, struct syscall_stats);
      \n} syscall_stats_map SEC(".maps");
      \n
      \nSEC("tracepoint\/syscalls\/sys_enter")
      \nint sys_enter(struct trace_event_raw_sys_enter *ctx) {
      \n    __u32 syscall_id = ctx->id;
      \n    struct syscall_stats *stats = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&syscall_stats_map, &syscall_id);
      \n    if (stats) {
      \n        stats->count += 1;
      \n    } else {
      \n        struct syscall_stats init_stats = {1, 0};
      \n        bpf_map_update_elem(&syscall_stats_map, &syscall_id, &init_stats, BPF_ANY);
      \n    }
      \n    return 0;
      \n}
      \n
      \nSEC("tracepoint\/syscalls\/sys_exit")
      \nint sys_exit(struct trace_event_raw_sys_exit *ctx) {
      \n    __u32 syscall_id = ctx->id;
      \n    struct syscall_stats *stats = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&syscall_stats_map, &syscall_id);
      \n    if (stats) {
      \n        stats->total_time += bpf_ktime_get_ns() - ctx->args[0];
      \n    }
      \n    return 0;
      \n}
      \n
      \nchar _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      3. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u7b49\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bca\u65ad\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      #include <linux\/bpf.h>
      \n#include <bpf\/bpf_helpers.h>
      \n
      \nstruct {
      \n    __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
      \n    __uint(max_entries, 1024);
      \n    __type(key, __u32); \/\/ \u8fdb\u7a0bID
      \n    __type(value, __u64); \/\/ CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4
      \n} proc_cpu_time_map SEC(".maps");
      \n
      \nSEC("tracepoint\/sched\/sched_switch")
      \nint sched_switch(struct trace_event_raw_sched_switch *ctx) {
      \n    __u32 prev_pid = ctx->prev_pid;
      \n    __u32 next_pid = ctx->next_pid;
      \n    __u64 prev_time = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
      \n
      \n    __u64 *prev_cpu_time = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&proc_cpu_time_map, &prev_pid);
      \n    if (prev_cpu_time) {
      \n        *prev_cpu_time += prev_time - ctx->prev_switch_ns;
      \n    } else {
      \n        bpf_map_update_elem(&proc_cpu_time_map, &prev_pid, &prev_time, BPF_ANY);
      \n    }
      \n
      \n    __u64 *next_cpu_time = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&proc_cpu_time_map, &next_pid);
      \n    if (!next_cpu_time) {
      \n        bpf_map_update_elem(&proc_cpu_time_map, &next_pid, &prev_time, BPF_ANY);
      \n    }
      \n
      \n    return 0;
      \n}
      \n
      \nchar _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      eBPF\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n
      1. \u9ad8\u6548\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u9891\u7e41\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      2. \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u524d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      3. \u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u8bca\u65ad\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      4. \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7eBPF maps\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
        eBPF\u5de5\u5177\u94fe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
        1. bcc\uff08BPF Compiler Collection\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
        bcc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684eBPF\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528bcc\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        from bcc import BPF
        \n
        \nbpf_program = """
        \n#include <uapi\/linux\/ptrace.h>
        \n#include <linux\/sched.h>
        \n
        \nBPF_HASH(syscall_count, u32);
        \n
        \nint do_count(struct pt_regs *ctx) {
        \n    u32 syscall_id = PT_REGS_SYSCALL(ctx);
        \n    syscall_count.atomic_increment(syscall_id);
        \n    return 0;
        \n}
        \n"""
        \n
        \nbpf = BPF(text=bpf_program)
        \nbpf.attach_kprobe(event="sys_call", fn=do_count)
        \n
        \nwhile True:
        \n    bpf["syscall_count"].print()
        \n    time.sleep(1)
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
        2. bpftrace<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
        bpftrace\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684eBPF\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eawk\u6216sed\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528bpftrace\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        bpftrace -e 'tracepoint:sched:sched_switch { @cpu_time[prev_pid] += (nsecs - prev_switch_ns); }'
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
        eBPF\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u968f\u7740eBPF\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n
        1. \u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u76d1\u63a7\uff0ceBPF\u6709\u671b\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u66f4\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        2. \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\u73b0\u6709\u7684eBPF\u5de5\u5177\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5185\u6838\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
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