{"id":22046,"date":"2024-11-19T15:05:18","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T07:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=22046"},"modified":"2024-11-19T15:05:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T07:05:18","slug":"%e8%a7%a3%e8%af%bbprometheus%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e6%8c%81%e4%b9%85%e5%8c%96%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/22046.html","title":{"rendered":"\u89e3\u8bfbPrometheus\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7b56\u7565"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\tPrometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728Prometheus<\/a>\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfbPrometheus\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u91c7\u7528\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08Time Series Database, TSDB\uff09\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\uff08Metric\uff09\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6807\u7b7e\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u533a\u5206\u6307\u6807\u3002Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n
  1. \u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  2. \u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0cPrometheus\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u671f\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

    Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n
    1. TSDB\uff08Time Series Database\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    2. WAL\uff08Write-Ahead Log\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    3. Block<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0cPrometheus\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u6bb5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u4e09\u3001WAL\uff08\u9884\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

      WAL\u662fPrometheus\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n
      1. WAL\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1aWAL\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6bb5\uff08Segment\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5927\u5c0f\u56fa\u5b9a\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a128MB\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08Record\uff09\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      2. WAL\u7684\u5199\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53Prometheus\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165WAL\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      3. WAL\u7684\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Prometheus\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6WAL\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

        \u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff08Block\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

        Prometheus\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u6bb5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n
        1. \n\n

          \u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

            \n\n\n
          • chunks<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          • index<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          • meta.json<\/strong>\uff1a\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          • tombstones<\/strong>\uff1a\u5893\u7891\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          • \n\n

            \u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u5b9a\u671f\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a2\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u538b\u5b9e\u201d\uff08Compaction\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

          • \n\n

            \u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u538b\u5b9e<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u538b\u5b9e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

              \n\n\n
            • \u666e\u901a\u538b\u5b9e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
            • \u91cd\u53e0\u538b\u5b9e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

              \u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

              Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

                \n\n\n
              1. \u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u6293\u53d6\uff08Scraping\uff09\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              2. \u5199\u5165WAL<\/strong>\uff1a\u65b0\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5148\u5199\u5165WAL\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              3. \u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165WAL\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              4. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              5. \u538b\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u538b\u5b9e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b58\u50a8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

                \u516d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

                Prometheus\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

                  \n\n\n
                1. \u5b58\u50a8\u8def\u5f84\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7storage.tsdb.path<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                2. WAL\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7storage.tsdb.wal.segment.size<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u8c03\u6574WAL\u6bb5\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                3. \u6570\u636e\u5757\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7storage.tsdb.retention.time<\/code>\u548cstorage.tsdb.retention.size<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6700\u5927\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

                  \u4e03\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

                  \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0cPrometheus\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

                    \n\n\n
                  1. \u5f02\u6b65\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u91c7\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u5199\u5165\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                  2. \u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982Snappy\u3001GZIP\u7b49\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                  3. \u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\u70ed\u70b9\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

                    \u516b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

                    \u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u3002Prometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63aa\u65bd\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

                      \n\n\n
                    1. WAL\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                    2. \u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u56e0\u78c1\u76d8\u6545\u969c\u800c\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                    3. \u6570\u636e\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

                      \u4e5d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

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