{"id":22520,"date":"2024-11-25T14:42:26","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T06:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=22520"},"modified":"2024-11-25T14:42:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T06:42:26","slug":"prometheus%e5%af%b9%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e5%8c%96%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/22520.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5bf9\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u652f\u6301"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\n\n<p>\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3IT\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f\u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u6491\u3002Docker\u3001Kubernetes\u7b49\u5bb9\u5668\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prometheus<\/a>\u5bf9\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728Kubernetes\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>Prometheus\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u662f\u7531SoundCloud\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e8e2016\u5e74\u52a0\u5165CNCF\uff08\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u6bd5\u4e1a\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Prometheus\u91c7\u7528\u62c9\u53d6\uff08Pull\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u671f\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p align=center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/0oq4a97wpV.jpg\" width=1000><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u805a\u5408\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u4e8ePromQL\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7Alertmanager\u8fdb\u884c\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>Prometheus\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li><strong>Prometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPrometheus\u652f\u6301\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pushgateway<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u77ed\u6682\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li> Grafana\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>Prometheus\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1. \u76d1\u63a7Docker\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eDocker\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff0cPrometheus\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7Docker Engine\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684API\u83b7\u53d6\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684Exporter\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>cAdvisor<\/strong>\uff1aGoogle\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7Docker\u5bb9\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Docker Prometheus Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceDocker API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684Exporter\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u7f72Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">docker run -d --name cadvisor -p 8080:8080 -v \/:\/rootfs:ro -v \/var\/run:\/var\/run:rw -v \/sys:\/sys:ro -v \/var\/lib\/docker\/:\/var\/lib\/docker:ro google\/cadvisor:latest<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728Prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:<br \/>\n  - job_name: 'cadvisor'<br \/>\n    static_configs:<br \/>\n      - targets: ['&lt;cadvisor_host&gt;:8080']<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528PromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5bb9\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{image!=&quot;&quot;,name=~&quot;^k8s_.*&quot;}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2. \u76d1\u63a7Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Kubernetes\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5176\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6d89\u53caPod\u3001Node\u3001Service\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002Prometheus\u901a\u8fc7Kubernetes API\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Exporter\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5168\u9762\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6838\u5fc3Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>kube-state-metrics<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9bKubernetes\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>node-exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7Node\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>kubelet<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Kubelet API\u83b7\u53d6Pod\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u7f72kube-state-metrics<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528Helm\u6216Kubernetes YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u90e8\u7f72\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">helm install kube-state-metrics prometheus-community\/kube-state-metrics<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u7f72node-exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2aNode\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72node-exporter\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">kubectl apply -f https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/prometheus-operator\/kube-prometheus\/main\/manifests\/node-exporter-daemonset.yaml<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728Prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0Kubernetes\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:<br \/>\n  - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'<br \/>\n    kubernetes_sd_configs:<br \/>\n      - role: node<br \/>\n    relabel_configs:<br \/>\n      - action: labelmap<br \/>\n        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)<br \/>\n  - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'<br \/>\n    kubernetes_sd_configs:<br \/>\n      - role: pod<br \/>\n    relabel_configs:<br \/>\n      - action: labelmap<br \/>\n        regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528PromQL\u67e5\u8be2Kubernetes\u8d44\u6e90\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">kube_pod_info{namespace=&quot;default&quot;}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3. \u544a\u8b66\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u901a\u8fc7Alertmanager\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u57fa\u4e8ePromQL\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728Prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">rule_files:<br \/>\n  - 'alerting_rules\/*.yaml'<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6eAlertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u90e8\u7f72Alertmanager\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u63a5\u6536\u5668\uff08\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001Slack\u7b49\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">receivers:<br \/>\n  - name: 'webhook'<br \/>\n    webhook_configs:<br \/>\n      - url: 'http:\/\/example.com\/alert'<br \/>\nroute:<br \/>\n  receiver: 'webhook'<br \/>\n  group_by: ['alertname']<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5b9a\u4e49Pod\u91cd\u542f\u6b21\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">groups:<br \/>\n  - name: kubernetes<br \/>\n    rules:<br \/>\n      - alert: PodRestartHigh<br \/>\n        expr: kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{namespace=&quot;default&quot;} &gt; 3<br \/>\n        for: 5m<br \/>\n        labels:<br \/>\n          severity: warning<br \/>\n        annotations:<br \/>\n          summary: &quot;Pod {{ $labels.pod }} restarts too frequently&quot;<br \/>\n          description: &quot;Pod {{ $labels.pod }} in namespace {{ $labels.namespace }} has restarted more than 3 times in the last 5 minutes.&quot;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>Prometheus\u4e0eGrafana\u7684\u96c6\u6210<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Grafana\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0ePrometheus\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u548c\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u96c6\u6210\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u90e8\u7f72Grafana<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u6216Kubernetes\u90e8\u7f72Grafana\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">docker run -d --name grafana -p 3000:3000 grafana\/grafana<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728Grafana\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0Prometheus\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li>URL: <code>http:\/\/&lt;prometheus_host&gt;:9090<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/strong>\uff1a<br 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