{"id":22851,"date":"2024-11-26T10:22:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T02:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=22851"},"modified":"2024-11-26T10:22:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T02:22:00","slug":"ebpf%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e5%bc%80%e5%90%af%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e8%a7%82%e6%b5%8b%e4%b8%8e%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b0%e5%be%81%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/22851.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5165\u95e8\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u5f81\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\teBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5728Linux\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u6838\u6001\u548c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdeBPF<\/a>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5165\u95e8\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5f00\u542f\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u5f81\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u662fBPF\uff08Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7531Steven McCanne\u548cVan Jacobson\u57281992\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0cBPF\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3aeBPF\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7BPF\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u3002\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210JIT\uff08Just-In-Time\uff09\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u94a9\u5b50\u201d\uff08hooks\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5165\u53e3\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94a9\u5b50\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201cmap\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

eBPF\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n
  1. \n\n

    \u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u6355\u83b7\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

  2. \n\n

    \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3001I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

  3. \n\n

    \u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

  4. \n\n

    \u5185\u6838\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5185\u6838\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

  5. \n\n

    \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

    eBPF\u7684\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

    eBPF\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n
    1. \n\n

      eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u7684eBPF\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

    2. \n\n

      BPF\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u6838\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

    3. \n\n

      \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u9a8c\u8bc1eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

    4. \n\n

      JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06eBPF\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u673a\u5668\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

    5. \n\n

      eBPF Maps<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

    6. \n\n

      \u94a9\u5b50\uff08Hooks\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u5165\u95e8eBPF\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u642d\u5efa\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n
      1. \n\n

        \u5b89\u88c5Linux\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u4e3b\u8981\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\uff08\u59824.14\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

      2. \n\n

        \u5b89\u88c5\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5GCC\u3001Make\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n

      3. \n\n

        \u5b89\u88c5BCC\uff08BPF Compiler Collection\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aBCC\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

        sudo apt-get install bpfcc-tools
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      4. \n\n
        \u5b89\u88c5LLVM\u548cClang<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528LLVM\u548cClang\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        sudo apt-get install llvm clang
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u7f16\u5199\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n
        1. \n\n
          \u7f16\u5199eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          #include <linux\/bpf.h>
          \n#include <bpf\/bpf_helpers.h>
          \n
          \nstruct {
          \n    __uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH);
          \n    __uint(max_entries, 1024);
          \n    __type(key, int);
          \n    __type(value, long);
          \n} syscall_count SEC(".maps");
          \n
          \nSEC("tracepoint\/syscalls\/sys_enter")
          \nint count_syscalls(struct trace_event_raw_sys_enter *ctx) {
          \n    int syscall_id = ctx->id;
          \n    long *count = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&syscall_count, &syscall_id);
          \n    if (count) {
          \n        (*count)++;
          \n    } else {
          \n        long init_count = 1;
          \n        bpf_map_update_elem(&syscall_count, &syscall_id, &init_count, BPF_ANY);
          \n    }
          \n    return 0;
          \n}
          \n
          \nchar _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        2. \n\n
          \u7f16\u8bd1eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u4f7f\u7528Clang\u7f16\u8bd1eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          clang -O2 -target bpf -c bpf_program.c -o bpf_program.o
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \n\n
          \u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u8fd0\u884ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u4f7f\u7528BCC\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u8fd0\u884ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          from bcc import BPF
          \n
          \nb = BPF(src_file="bpf_program.c")
          \nsyscall_count = b.get_table("syscall_count")
          \n
          \ntry:
          \n    while True:
          \n        for k, v in syscall_count.items():
          \n            print(f"Syscall {k.value}: {v.value} times")
          \n        time.sleep(1)
          \nexcept KeyboardInterrupt:
          \n    pass
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
          eBPF\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u9664\u4e86BCC\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n
          1. \n\n
            libbpf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684eBPF\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u7684API\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          2. \n\n
            bpftool<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          3. \n\n
            Cilium<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          4. \n\n
            Katran<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u56db\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
            eBPF\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
            eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u6267\u884c\u6076\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            eBPF\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
            eBPF\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6709\u671b\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n
            1. \n\n
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            2. \n\n
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            3. \n\n
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            4. \n\n
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              \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
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