{"id":23076,"date":"2024-11-26T12:24:53","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T04:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=23076"},"modified":"2024-11-26T12:24:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T04:24:53","slug":"prometheus%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/23076.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\tPrometheus<\/a>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus<\/a>\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u67b6\u6784\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3Prometheus\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784\u3002Prometheus\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n
  1. Prometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  2. Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9Prometheus Server\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  3. Pushgateway<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u9001\u77ed\u671f\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  4. Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  5. PromQL<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u805a\u5408\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

    \u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

    \u76d1\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n
    1. \u5e26\u5bbd\u4f7f\u7528\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    2. \u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u6e90\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    3. \u4e22\u5305\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    4. \u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    5. \u9519\u8bef\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u4f7f\u7528Exporter\u6536\u96c6\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

      Prometheus\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6536\u96c6\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Exporter\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002Exporter\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\u66b4\u9732\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7Exporter\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n
      1. Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u4e3b\u673a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      2. SNMP Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7SNMP\u534f\u8bae\u6536\u96c6\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      3. Blackbox Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982HTTP\u3001TCP\u3001ICMP\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

        \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eNode Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

        Node Exporter\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684Exporter\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u6536\u96c6\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eNode Exporter\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n
        1. \n\n

          \u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

          wget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter\/releases\/download\/v1.3.1\/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
          \ntar -xzf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
          \ncd node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        2. \n\n
          \u542f\u52a8Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          .\/node_exporter
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \n\n
          \u914d\u7f6ePrometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0Node Exporter\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          scrape_configs:
          \n  - job_name: 'node_exporter'
          \n    static_configs:
          \n      - targets: ['<node_exporter_host>:9100']
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eSNMP Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
          SNMP Exporter\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7SNMP\u534f\u8bae\u6536\u96c6\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n
          1. \n\n
            \u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5SNMP Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            wget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/snmp_exporter\/releases\/download\/v0.20.0\/snmp_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
            \ntar -xzf snmp_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
            \ncd snmp_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64
            \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          2. \n\n
            \u914d\u7f6eSNMP Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91snmp.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            scrape_configs:
            \n  - job_name: 'snmp'
            \n    static_configs:
            \n      - targets: ['<device_ip>:161']
            \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          3. \n\n
            \u542f\u52a8SNMP Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            .\/snmp_exporter --config.file=snmp.yml
            \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
          4. \n\n
            \u914d\u7f6ePrometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0SNMP Exporter\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            scrape_configs:
            \n  - job_name: 'snmp_exporter'
            \n    static_configs:
            \n      - targets: ['<snmp_exporter_host>:9116']
            \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
            \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6eBlackbox Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
            Blackbox Exporter\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u63a7HTTP\u3001TCP\u3001ICMP\u7b49\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n
            1. \n\n
              \u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5Blackbox Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
              wget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/blackbox_exporter\/releases\/download\/v0.18.0\/blackbox_exporter-0.18.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
              \ntar -xzf blackbox_exporter-0.18.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
              \ncd blackbox_exporter-0.18.0.linux-amd64
              \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
            2. \n\n
              \u914d\u7f6eBlackbox Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91blackbox.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u6d4b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
              modules:
              \n  http_2xx:
              \n    prober: http
              \n    timeout: 5s
              \n    http:
              \n      valid_status_codes: [200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206]
              \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
            3. \n\n
              \u542f\u52a8Blackbox Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
              .\/blackbox_exporter --config.file=blackbox.yml
              \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
            4. \n\n
              \u914d\u7f6ePrometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0Blackbox Exporter\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
              scrape_configs:
              \n  - job_name: 'blackbox'
              \n    metrics_path: \/probe
              \n    params:
              \n      module: [http_2xx]
              \n    static_configs:
              \n      - targets:
              \n        - 'http:\/\/example.com'
              \n    relabel_configs:
              \n      - source_labels: [__address__]
              \n        target_label: __param_target
              \n      - source_labels: [__param_target]
              \n        target_label: instance
              \n      - target_label: __address__
              \n        replacement: '<blackbox_exporter_host>:9115'
              \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
              \u4f7f\u7528PromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
              Prometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684PromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n
              1. \n\n
                \u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device="eth0"}[5m])
                \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              2. \n\n
                \u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device="eth0"}[5m])
                \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              3. \n\n
                \u67e5\u8be2\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                blackboxProbeDurationSeconds{job="blackbox", instance="http:\/\/example.com"}
                \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              4. \n\n
                \u67e5\u8be2\u4e22\u5305\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                snmp_if_out_errors{ifDescr="eth0"} \/ snmp_if_out_ucast_pkts{ifDescr="eth0"}
                \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
              5. \n\n
                \u67e5\u8be2\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab
                \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
                \u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
                Prometheus\u7684Alertmanager\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                  \n\n\n
                1. \n\n
                  \u7f16\u8f91\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aalerting_rules.yml<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                  groups:
                  \n  - name: network_alerts
                  \n    rules:
                  \n      - alert: HighNetworkTraffic
                  \n        expr: rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device="eth0"}[5m]) > 10000000
                  \n        for: 1m
                  \n        labels:
                  \n          severity: warning
                  \n        annotations:
                  \n          summary: "High network traffic detected"
                  \n          description: "Network interface eth0 is receiving more than 10MB\/s for the last 1 minute."
                  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                2. \n\n
                  \u914d\u7f6ePrometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                  rule_files:
                  \n  - 'alerting_rules.yml'
                  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                3. \n\n
                  \u914d\u7f6eAlertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u8f91alertmanager.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                  global:
                  \n  resolve_timeout: 5m
                  \nroute:
                  \n  group_by: ['alertname']
                  \n  receiver: 'webhook'
                  \nreceivers:
                  \n  - name: 'webhook'
                  \n    webhook_configs:
                  \n      - url: 'http:\/\/example.com\/alert'
                  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                4. \n\n
                  \u542f\u52a8Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
                  .\/alertmanager --config.file=alertmanager.yml
                  \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
                  \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n
                  1. \u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Exporter\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                  2. \u4f18\u5316\u6293\u53d6\u95f4\u9694<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6307\u6807\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u9891\u7387\u8c03\u6574\u6293\u53d6\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
                  3. \u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus\u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5982Thanos\u6216Cortex\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
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