{"id":28902,"date":"2024-11-06T17:46:23","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T09:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=20110"},"modified":"2024-11-06T17:46:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T09:46:23","slug":"prometheus%e5%af%b9%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e8%a6%86%e7%9b%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/28902.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8986\u76d6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3IT\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u9996\u9009\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Prometheus<\/a>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5176\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p align=center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/HgU5RY.jpg\" width=1000><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li><strong>Prometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9Prometheus Server\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pushgateway<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u77ed\u671f\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u544a\u8b66\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PromQL<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1. Prometheus Server<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus Server\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u4ece\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08Targets\uff09\u4e2d\u6293\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u6307\u6807\u540d\u79f0\uff08Metric Name\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Labels\uff09\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus Server\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u671f\u4eceExporter\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u805a\u5408\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2. Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Exporter\u662fPrometheus\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Exporter\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MySQL Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nginx Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6Nginx\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3. Pushgateway<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u77ed\u671f\u670d\u52a1\uff0cPrometheus Server\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pushgateway\uff0c\u5c06\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u9001\u5230Pushgateway\uff0c\u518d\u7531Prometheus Server\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4. Alertmanager<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Alertmanager\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u7531Prometheus Server\u751f\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u544a\u8b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001Webhook\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5. PromQL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>PromQL\u662fPrometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5206\u6790\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eExporter\u548cPrometheus Server\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u90e8\u7f72Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72\u76f8\u5e94\u7684Exporter\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u76ee\u6807\uff08Targets\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u5b9aExporter\u7684HTTP\u7aef\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus Server\u6309\u7167\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u5b9a\u671f\u4eceExporter\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728Prometheus Server\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5Node Exporter\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u88c5Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-sh\">wget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter\/releases\/download\/v1.3.1\/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz<br \/>\ntar -xzf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz<br \/>\ncd node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64<br \/>\n.\/node_exporter<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<code>prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:<br \/>\n  - job_name: 'node'<br \/>\n    static_configs:<br \/>\n      - targets: ['&lt;node_exporter_host&gt;:9100']<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\n\n<p><strong>\u542f\u52a8Prometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-sh\">.\/prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u7531Prometheus Server\u548cAlertmanager\u534f\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ol>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2aPromQL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u6d4b\u544a\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus Server\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u6210\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53d1\u9001\u544a\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u9001\u5230Alertmanager\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u544a\u8b66\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1aAlertmanager\u5bf9\u544a\u8b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">alerting:<br \/>\n  alertmanagers:<br \/>\n    - static_configs:<br \/>\n        - targets: ['&lt;alertmanager_host&gt;:9093']<br \/>\n<br \/>\nrule_files:<br \/>\n  - 'alerting_rules.yml'<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<code>alerting_rules.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">groups:<br \/>\n  - name: example<br \/>\n    rules:<br \/>\n      - alert: HighCpuUsage<br \/>\n        expr: avg(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=&quot;user&quot;}[5m])) by (instance) &gt; 0.8<br \/>\n        for: 10m<br \/>\n        labels:<br \/>\n          severity: warning<br \/>\n        annotations:<br \/>\n          summary: &quot;High CPU usage detected&quot;<br \/>\n          description: &quot;Instance {{ $labels.instance }} has high CPU usage&quot;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786c\u4ef6\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7Node Exporter\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u786c\u4ef6\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2. \u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eWeb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Nginx Exporter\u6216Apache Exporter\u76d1\u63a7HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528MySQL Exporter\u6216PostgreSQL Exporter\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Exporter\u66b4\u9732\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u3002Prometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u6536\u96c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4. \u5bb9\u5668\u76d1\u63a7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728Kubernetes\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus\u4e0eKubernetes\u7684\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7Pod\u3001Node\u3001Service\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7cAdvisor\u6216kube-state-metrics\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1. 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