{"id":31594,"date":"2024-11-19T15:00:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T07:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=22037"},"modified":"2024-11-19T15:00:31","modified_gmt":"2024-11-19T07:00:31","slug":"%e4%ba%91%e5%8e%9f%e7%94%9fnpm%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e5%bf%85%e8%af%bb%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9%e6%a2%b3%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/31594.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM\u5165\u95e8\u5fc5\u8bfb\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u68b3\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\n\n<p>\u4e91\u539f\u751f\uff08Cloud Native\uff09\u6280\u672f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u6491\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u73af\uff0cNode Package Manager\uff08NPM\uff09\u5728JavaScript\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM<\/a>\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0eNPM\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1.1 \u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p align=center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/4Jk977RT.jpg\" width=1000><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8d1f\u8d23\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5bb9\u5668\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u5982Docker\uff09\u6765\u6253\u5305\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u6392<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Kubernetes\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7CI\/CD\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1.2 NPM\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>NPM\uff08Node Package Manager\uff09\u662fNode.js\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002NPM\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001NPM\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2.1 \u5b89\u88c5Node.js\u548cNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u4f7f\u7528NPM\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Node.js\u3002Node.js\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86NPM\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5Node.js\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u68c0\u67e5Node.js\u548cNPM\u7248\u672c<br \/>\nnode -v<br \/>\nnpm -v<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2.2 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c<code>npm init<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<code>package.json<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm init -y  # \u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u5feb\u901f\u521d\u59cb\u5316<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2.3 \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm install<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5<code>express<\/code>\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install express<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2.4 \u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>NPM\u652f\u6301\u8bed\u4e49\u5316\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\uff08SemVer\uff09\uff0c\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a<code>major.minor.patch<\/code>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm version<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm version major  # \u5347\u7ea7\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u53f7<br \/>\nnpm version minor  # \u5347\u7ea7\u6b21\u7248\u672c\u53f7<br \/>\nnpm version patch  # \u5347\u7ea7\u8865\u4e01\u7248\u672c\u53f7<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM<\/a>\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3.1 \u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u4e0eNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u3002NPM\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3.2 \u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u4e0eNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<code>Dockerfile<\/code>\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7<code>npm install<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-Dockerfile\">FROM node:14<br \/>\nWORKDIR \/app<br \/>\nCOPY package*.json .\/<br \/>\nRUN npm install<br \/>\nCOPY . .<br \/>\nCMD [&quot;node&quot;, &quot;app.js&quot;]<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3.3 \u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u6392\u4e0eNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Kubernetes\u7b49\u7f16\u6392\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eNPM\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Helm Chart\u7ba1\u7406NPM\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3.4 \u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e0eNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728CI\/CD\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\uff0cNPM\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Jenkins\u6216GitLab CI\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">stages:<br \/>\n  - build<br \/>\n  - test<br \/>\n  - deploy<br \/>\n<br \/>\nbuild:<br \/>\n  stage: build<br \/>\n  script:<br \/>\n    - npm install<br \/>\n    - npm run build<br \/>\n<br \/>\ntest:<br \/>\n  stage: test<br \/>\n  script:<br \/>\n    - npm test<br \/>\n<br \/>\ndeploy:<br \/>\n  stage: deploy<br \/>\n  script:<br \/>\n    - npm run deploy<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u56db\u3001NPM\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4.1 \u811a\u672c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<code>package.json<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{<br \/>\n  &quot;scripts&quot;: {<br \/>\n    &quot;start&quot;: &quot;node app.js&quot;,<br \/>\n    &quot;build&quot;: &quot;webpack&quot;,<br \/>\n    &quot;test&quot;: &quot;jest&quot;<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm run start<br \/>\nnpm run build<br \/>\nnpm run test<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4.2 \u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>NPM\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<code>dependencies<\/code>\u3001<code>devDependencies<\/code>\u548c<code>peerDependencies<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>dependencies<\/strong>\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>devDependencies<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>peerDependencies<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u7b49\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4.3 \u7f13\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>NPM\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm cache<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm cache verify  # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e76\u4fee\u590d\u7f13\u5b58<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4.4 \u79c1\u6709\u4ed3\u5e93<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528NPM\u79c1\u6709\u4ed3\u5e93\uff08\u5982npmjs.com\u7684\u4ed8\u8d39\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u81ea\u5efa\u7684 Verdaccio\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u90e8\u5305\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm login --registry=https:\/\/my-private-registry.com<br \/>\nnpm publish --registry=https:\/\/my-private-registry.com<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.1 \u4f9d\u8d56\u9501\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm shrinkwrap<\/code>\u6216<code>package-lock.json<\/code>\u9501\u5b9a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm shrinkwrap<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.2 \u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm audit<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm audit<br \/>\nnpm audit fix<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.3 \u6a21\u5757\u62c6\u5206<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u62c6\u5206\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u72ec\u7acb\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.4 \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408NPM\u811a\u672c\u548cCI\/CD\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{<br \/>\n  &quot;scripts&quot;: {<br \/>\n    &quot;test&quot;: &quot;jest --coverage&quot;<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u516d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>6.1 \u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u5305\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm ls<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u4f9d\u8d56\u6811\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u51b2\u7a81<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u964d\u7ea7\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>peerDependencies<\/code>\u89e3\u51b3\u63d2\u4ef6\u51b2\u7a81<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>6.2 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