{"id":31628,"date":"2024-11-21T11:17:17","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T03:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=22264"},"modified":"2024-11-21T11:17:17","modified_gmt":"2024-11-21T03:17:17","slug":"%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90prometheus%e7%9a%84%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e4%b8%8e%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/31628.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5256\u6790Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\tPrometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790Prometheus<\/a>\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001Prometheus\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7531SoundCloud\u5f00\u53d1\u5e76\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u5f00\u6e90\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u6210\u4e3aCNCF\uff08\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u529f\u80fd\u3002Prometheus\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6613\u4e8e\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001Prometheus\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

Prometheus\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n
  1. Prometheus Server<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  2. Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u66b4\u9732\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  3. Pushgateway<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u77ed\u6682\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  4. Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  5. Prometheus Web UI<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762\u548c\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n

    1. Prometheus Server<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

    Prometheus Server\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\uff08scrape targets\uff09\u5b9a\u671f\u62c9\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

    \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u540d\u79f0\uff08metric name\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6807\u7b7e\uff08labels\uff09\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u6807\u7b7e\u662f\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u8be5\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u5b9e\u4f8b\u540d\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

    \u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u6570\u636e\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u538b\u7f29\u6570\u636e\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

    2. Exporter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

    Exporter\u662fPrometheus\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Exporter\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n
    • Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    • MySQL Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    • HAProxy Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7HAProxy\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n

      Exporter\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\/metrics\u7aef\u70b9\uff0cPrometheus Server\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u7aef\u70b9\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      3. Pushgateway<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4f5c\u4e1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u4f1a\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88abPrometheus Server\u6301\u7eed\u6293\u53d6\u3002Pushgateway\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u77ed\u6682\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u9001\u5230Pushgateway\uff0cPrometheus Server\u518d\u4ecePushgateway\u4e2d\u62c9\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      4. Alertmanager<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

      Alertmanager\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u7531Prometheus Server\u751f\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u544a\u8b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u9759\u9ed8\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u77e5\u6e20\u9053\uff08\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u3001Webhook\u7b49\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus Server\u652f\u6301\u914d\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u544a\u8b66\u3002\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u544a\u8b66\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      5. Prometheus Web UI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

      Prometheus\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684Web UI\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u67e5\u770b\u544a\u8b66\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      \u4e09\u3001Prometheus\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

      1. \u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

      Prometheus Server\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684scrape_configs\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u4e49\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u548c\u6293\u53d6\u95f4\u9694\u3002Prometheus Server\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u5b9a\u671f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9bURL\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      scrape_configs:
      \n  - job_name: 'example'
      \n    static_configs:
      \n      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cPrometheus Server\u4f1a\u89e3\u6790HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u672c\u5730\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      2. \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
      Prometheus\u91c7\u7528\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7531\u6307\u6807\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n
      • \u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      • \u78c1\u76d8\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n
        Prometheus\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
        Prometheus\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\uff08Prometheus Query Language\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002PromQL\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        avg(rate(cpu_usage[5m]))
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
        4. \u544a\u8b66\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
        Prometheus\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n
        1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u544a\u8b66\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        2. \u68c0\u6d4b\u544a\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus Server\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u8bc4\u4f30\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f53\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \u53d1\u9001\u544a\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230Alertmanager\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        4. \u544a\u8b66\u901a\u77e5<\/strong>\uff1aAlertmanager\u6839\u636e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u6e20\u9053\u53d1\u9001\u544a\u8b66\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d85\u8fc780%\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          alerting:
          \n  alertmanagers:
          \n    - static_configs:
          \n        - targets: ['localhost:9093']
          \n
          \nrule_files:
          \n  - 'alerting_rules.yml'
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
          alerting_rules.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          groups:
          \n  - name: example
          \n    rules:
          \n      - alert: HighCpuUsage
          \n        expr: avg(rate(cpu_usage[5m])) > 0.8
          \n        for: 1m
          \n        labels:
          \n          severity: warning
          \n        annotations:
          \n          summary: "High CPU usage detected"
          \n          description: "CPU usage is above 80% for more than 1 minute"
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u56db\u3001Prometheus\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n
          1. \u5f00\u6e90\u514d\u8d39<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u514d\u8d39\u4e14\u793e\u533a\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
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