{"id":31788,"date":"2024-11-27T11:29:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T03:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=23218"},"modified":"2024-11-27T11:29:31","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T03:29:31","slug":"%e4%ba%91%e5%8e%9f%e7%94%9fnpm%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%9d%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%85%e5%bf%85%e7%9f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/31788.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM\u5165\u95e8\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5fc5\u77e5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\n\n<p>\u4e91\u539f\u751f\uff08Cloud Native\uff09\u6280\u672f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u9886\u57df\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002NPM\uff08Node Package Manager\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3aJavaScript\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM<\/a>\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1.1 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width=1000><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u88ab\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5bb9\u5668\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u5982Docker\uff09\u6765\u6253\u5305\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u6392<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Kubernetes\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7CI\/CD\uff08\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\/\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff09\u6d41\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>1.2 \u4e91\u539f\u751f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u6392\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3<\/strong>\uff1a\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6d41\u7a0b\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001NPM\u57fa\u7840\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fNPM\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>NPM\u662fNode.js\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406JavaScript\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>2.2 NPM\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5305\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u5305\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>package.json<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684<code>scripts<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684NPM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528NPM\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u800cNPM\u4f5c\u4e3aJavaScript\u751f\u6001\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>3.2 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4e91\u539f\u751fNPM<\/a>\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1aNPM\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7CI\/CD\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0cNPM\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>package-lock.json<\/code>\u6216<code>npm-shrinkwrap.json<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6b21\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u56db\u3001NPM\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4.1 \u5b89\u88c5Node.js\u548cNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u672c\u5730\u6216\u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5Node.js\u548cNPM\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u5bf9\u4e8eLinux\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\ncurl -fsSL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -<br \/>\nsudo apt-get install -y nodejs<br \/>\n<br \/>\n# \u5bf9\u4e8emacOS\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\nbrew install node<br \/>\n<br \/>\n# \u5bf9\u4e8eWindows\u7cfb\u7edf<br \/>\nchoco install nodejs<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b89\u88c5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">node -v<br \/>\nnpm -v<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>4.2 \u914d\u7f6eNPM<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>NPM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li> registry\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eNPM\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cache<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eNPM\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>prefix<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6eNPM\u4f7f\u7528\u6dd8\u5b9d\u955c\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm config set registry https:\/\/registry.npm.taobao.org<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528NPM\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.1 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316<code>package.json<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm init<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u586b\u5199\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.2 \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install &lt;package-name&gt;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5Express\u6846\u67b6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install express<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.3 \u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<code>package.json<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u56fa\u5b9a\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982<code>&quot;express&quot;: &quot;4.17.1&quot;<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b89\u88c5\u6307\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8303\u56f4\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982<code>&quot;express&quot;: &quot;^4.17.1&quot;<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b89\u88c54.17.x\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982<code>&quot;express&quot;: &quot;*&quot;<\/code>)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b89\u88c5\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>5.4 \u66f4\u65b0\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm update &lt;package-name&gt;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u516d\u3001NPM\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>6.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728<code>package.json<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684<code>scripts<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{<br \/>\n  &quot;scripts&quot;: {<br \/>\n    &quot;start&quot;: &quot;node index.js&quot;,<br \/>\n    &quot;test&quot;: &quot;mocha&quot;<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n}<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>6.2 \u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm run &lt;script-name&gt;<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm start<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm test<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u4e03\u3001NPM\u5728CI\/CD\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>7.1 CI\/CD\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>CI\/CD\uff08\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\/\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5feb\u901f\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684CI\/CD\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecJenkins\u3001GitLab CI\u3001GitHub Actions\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>7.2 NPM\u5728CI\/CD\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728CI\/CD\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cNPM\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b89\u88c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u9636\u6bb5\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6253\u5305\u53d1\u5e03<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u5230\u5bb9\u5668 registry\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>7.3 \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528GitHub Actions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684<code>.github\/workflows<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<code>ci.yml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49CI\/CD\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">name: Node.js CI<br \/>\n<br \/>\non:<br \/>\n  push:<br \/>\n    branches: [ main ]<br \/>\n  pull_request:<br \/>\n    branches: [ main ]<br \/>\n<br \/>\njobs:<br \/>\n  build:<br \/>\n<br \/>\n    runs-on: ubuntu-latest<br \/>\n<br \/>\n    steps:<br \/>\n    - uses: actions\/checkout@v2<br \/>\n    - name: Use Node.js 14<br \/>\n      uses: actions\/setup-node@v2<br \/>\n      with:<br \/>\n        node-version: '14'<br \/>\n    - run: npm install<br \/>\n    - run: npm test<br \/>\n    - run: npm run build<br \/>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n<h3>\u516b\u3001NPM\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n<h4>8.1 \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>npm 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