{"id":31810,"date":"2024-11-27T12:22:10","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T04:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=23317"},"modified":"2024-11-27T12:22:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-27T04:22:10","slug":"%e8%a7%a3%e8%af%bbprometheus%e7%9a%84%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%81%b5%e6%b4%bb%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/31810.html","title":{"rendered":"\u89e3\u8bfbPrometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u83b7\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\tPrometheus<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728DevOps\u548c\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u9886\u57df\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fPromQL\uff08Prometheus<\/a> Query Language\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u4e3aPrometheus\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfbPrometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528PromQL\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u76d1\u63a7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001PromQL\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

PromQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u805a\u5408\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002Prometheus\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7531\u6307\u6807\u540d\u79f0\uff08metric name\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u6807\u7b7e\uff08label\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002PromQL\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u805a\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

1. \u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2\u6307\u6807<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684PromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u540d\u4e3ahttp_requests_total<\/code>\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

http_requests_total
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1serviceA<\/code>\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
http_requests_total{service="serviceA"}
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c{service="serviceA"}<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u6807\u7b7eservice<\/code>\u503c\u4e3aserviceA<\/code>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
3. \u65f6\u95f4\u504f\u79fb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u5141\u8bb8\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u53bb\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be21\u5c0f\u65f6\u524d\u7684http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
http_requests_total[1h]
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
1. sum<\/code>\uff08\u6c42\u548c\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
sum(http_requests_total)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
2. avg<\/code>\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
avg(http_requests_total)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
3. max<\/code>\u548cmin<\/code>\uff08\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
max(http_requests_total)
\nmin(http_requests_total)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
4. count<\/code>\uff08\u8ba1\u6570\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
count(http_requests_total)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u53bb1\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185http_requests_total<\/code>\u7684\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
avg_over_time(http_requests_total[1h:1m])
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c[1h:1m]<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u53bb1\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee51\u5206\u949f\u4e3a\u95f4\u9694\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u4e94\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
1. \u6570\u5b66\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982+<\/code>\u3001-<\/code>\u3001*<\/code>\u3001\/<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5dee\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
http_requests_total{method="GET"} - http_requests_total{method="POST"}
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
2. \u6bd4\u8f83\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u652f\u6301\u6bd4\u8f83\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982==<\/code>\u3001!=<\/code>\u3001><\/code>\u3001<<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\u5927\u4e8e1000\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
http_requests_total > 1000
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
3. \u6807\u7b7e\u5339\u914d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6807\u7b7e\u5339\u914d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u5982=~<\/code>\uff08\u6b63\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff09\u548c!~<\/code>\uff08\u6b63\u5219\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u4ee5service<\/code>\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
http_requests_total{service=~"service.*"}
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u516d\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
1. \u6807\u7b7e\u805a\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6309method<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u5206\u7ec4\u6c42\u548c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
sum(http_requests_total) by (method)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
2. \u6807\u7b7e\u91cd\u5199<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u652f\u6301\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91cd\u5199\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06service<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3asvc<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
http_requests_total{service="serviceA"} => label_replace(http_requests_total, "svc", "$1", "service", "(.*)")
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
3. \u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
PromQL\u652f\u6301\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u53bb1\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
max_over_time(
\n  max(http_requests_total{service=~"service.*"}) by (service) [1h]
\n)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
1. \u76d1\u63a7HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0bPromQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
sum(http_requests_total{service="serviceA"}) by (method)
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u6309HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
2. \u68c0\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u6d4b\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0bPromQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
avg(http_request_duration_seconds{service="serviceA"})
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
3. \u544a\u8b66\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0bPromQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
sum(http_requests_total{service="serviceA"}) > 1000
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc71000\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u771f\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u516b\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
1. \u5408\u7406\u547d\u540d\u6307\u6807<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6307\u6807\u547d\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6613\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u91c7\u96c6\u6307\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
3. \u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u805a\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fc7\u5ea6\u805a\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7c92\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
4. \u5229\u7528Prometheus\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
Prometheus\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982promtool<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u4f18\u5316PromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
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