{"id":31878,"date":"2025-01-09T21:54:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T13:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=23715"},"modified":"2025-01-09T21:54:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T13:54:02","slug":"prometheus%e7%9a%84%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80promql%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/31878.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\n\n

\"Prometheus\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\"<\/p>\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cPrometheus\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9996\u9009\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u800cPromQL\uff08Prometheus Query Language\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3aPrometheus\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5206\u6790\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6392\u67e5\u6545\u969c\uff0cPromQL\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8PromQL\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fPromQL\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

PromQL\u662fPrometheus\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u67e5\u8be2\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

PromQL\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n

PromQL\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n
  1. \n\n

    \u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u5668<\/strong>
    \n\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u4ecePrometheus\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0chttp_requests_total<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ahttp_requests_total<\/code>\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528{}<\/code>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

    http_requests_total{job="api-server", status="200"}
    \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709job<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u4e3aapi-server<\/code>\u4e14status<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u4e3a200<\/code>\u7684http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  2. \n\n
    \u8303\u56f4\u5411\u91cf\u9009\u62e9\u5668<\/strong>
    \n\u8303\u56f4\u5411\u91cf\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0[\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4]<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    http_requests_total{job="api-server"}[5m]
    \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  3. \n\n
    \u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>
    \nPromQL\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982sum<\/code>\u3001avg<\/code>\u3001min<\/code>\u3001max<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    sum(http_requests_total) by (job)
    \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u6309job<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u5bf9http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
  4. \n\n
    \u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>
    \nPromQL\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\uff08+<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u51cf\uff08-<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u4e58\uff08*<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u9664\uff08\/<\/code>\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    rate(http_requests_total[5m]) * 60
    \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e58\u4ee560\uff0c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
    PromQL\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
    PromQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n
    1. \n\n
      rate()<\/code><\/strong>
      \nrate()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      rate(http_requests_total[5m])
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185\u7684\u6bcf\u79d2\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    2. \n\n
      increase()<\/code><\/strong>
      \nincrease()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      increase(http_requests_total[1h])
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb1\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    3. \n\n
      sum()<\/code><\/strong>
      \nsum()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      sum(http_requests_total) by (job)
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u6309job<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u5bf9http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    4. \n\n
      avg()<\/code><\/strong>
      \navg()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      avg(http_requests_total) by (job)
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u6309job<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u5bf9http_requests_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
    5. \n\n
      histogram_quantile()<\/code><\/strong>
      \nhistogram_quantile()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
      histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le))
      \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97http_request_duration_seconds<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u768495\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
      PromQL\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n
      1. \n\n
        \u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>
        \n\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97CPU\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53cd\u6620\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      2. \n\n
        \u5206\u6790\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807<\/strong>
        \nPromQL\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        sum(rate(http_requests_total{status="500"}[5m])) \/ sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u5185\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
      3. \n\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>
        \nPromQL\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        sum(rate(http_requests_total{status="500"}[5m])) \/ sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) > 0.05
        \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u8d85\u8fc75%\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
        PromQL\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n
        1. \n\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
          \nPromQL\u652f\u6301\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5957\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) by (job) \/ sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2ajob<\/code>\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u5360\u603b\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        2. \n\n
          \u4f7f\u7528label_replace()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>
          \nlabel_replace()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          label_replace(http_requests_total, "new_label", "$1", "job", "(.*)-server")
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u5c06job<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503c\u66ff\u6362\u4e3anew_label<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \n\n
          \u4f7f\u7528predict_linear()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>
          \npredict_linear()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u672a\u6765\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
          predict_linear(node_memory_MemFree_bytes[1h], 3600)
          \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u9884\u6d4b1\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n
          \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n
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