{"id":32291,"date":"2025-03-04T09:52:51","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T01:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=32291"},"modified":"2025-03-04T09:52:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T01:52:51","slug":"prometheus%e7%9a%84tsdb%e5%ad%98%e5%82%a8%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/32291.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u7684TSDB\u5b58\u50a8\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"Prometheus\u7684TSDB\u5b58\u50a8\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3aCNCF\uff08\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff09\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u9879\u76ee\uff0cPrometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6807\u6746\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u6b63\u662f\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93TSDB\uff08Time Series Database\uff09<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u5199\u5165\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u9ad8\u538b\u7f29\u7387\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790Prometheus<\/a> TSDB\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u63ed\u79d8\u5176\u517c\u987e\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\uff08Time Series Data\uff09\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u3002\u5728\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/strong>\uff08\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u6307\u6807\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong>\uff08\u5982http_requests_total{method="POST", status="200"}<\/code>\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u6570\u503c<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c\u7b49\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5929\u7136\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u541e\u5410\u3001\u4f4e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u56e0\u5176ACID\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u968f\u673a\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u573a\u666f\u3002TSDB\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u538b\u7f29\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528\uff1f\n<\/li>\n
    • \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f\n<\/li>\n
    • \u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u5199\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6301\u7eed\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\uff1f\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n

      \u4e8c\u3001TSDB\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u534f\u540c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Prometheus TSDB\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684Head Block<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5148\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cHead\u201d\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba42\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u5206\u5757\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      2. \u9884\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08WAL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5d29\u6e83\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5148\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230WAL\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      3. \u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684Block<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53Head Block\u8fbe\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u9608\u503c\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684Block\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aBlock\u5305\u542b\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        • Chunks\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u70b9\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u6233+\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • \u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6307\u6807\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0eChunks\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • \u5143\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0Block\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6837\u672c\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5757\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u5199\u5165\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u7f13\u51b2\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          • \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807Block\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5168\u76d8\u626b\u63cf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          • \u538b\u7f29\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5757\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u5dee\u5f02\u7f16\u7801\uff08Delta Encoding\uff09\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u5927\u5e45\u538b\u7f29\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \n

            \u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u4e0e\u538b\u7f29\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h3>\n

            1. \u5199\u5165\u8def\u5f84\uff1aWAL\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/h4>\n

            \u5f53Prometheus\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Step 1<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230WAL\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
            • Step 2<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684Head Block\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3aChunks\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
            • Step 3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684Chunks\u5b9a\u671f\u5237\u65b0\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e34\u65f6Block\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cmmap chunk\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. \u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76<\/strong><\/h4>\n

              \u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684Block\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u7ea7\u538b\u7f29\uff1a<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u5782\u76f4\u538b\u7f29\uff08Vertical Compaction\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5408\u5e76\u76f8\u90bb\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u7684Block\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u788e\u7247\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
              • \u6c34\u5e73\u538b\u7f29\uff08Horizontal Compaction\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u8fc7\u671f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u3002
                \n\u901a\u8fc7Gorilla\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0cTSDB\u80fd\u591f\u5c0616\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0864\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u6233+64\u4f4d\u503c\uff09\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u5e73\u57471.37\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u7387\u8d85\u8fc790%\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n

                \u56db\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                TSDB\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u5012\u6392\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Inverted Index\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \n
                  • \u6240\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u7ec4\u5408\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5f15\u7528ID\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                  • \u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\u7ef4\u62a4\u201c\u6807\u7b7e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u2192\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217ID\u201d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \n
                      • \u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ec5\u9700\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684Block\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5168\u91cf\u626b\u63cf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                      • \u5229\u7528\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\uff08\u5982Block\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\/\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff09\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u901f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u67e5\u8be2http_requests_total{status="500"}[1h]<\/code>\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Step 1<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5012\u6392\u7d22\u5f15\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542bstatus="500"<\/code>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217ID\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                        • Step 2<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Block\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                        • Step 3<\/strong>\uff1a\u4eceChunks\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          \n

                          \u4e94\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong><\/h3>\n

                          \u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u5316TSDB\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \u8c03\u6574Block\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba42\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684Block\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u53ef\u9002\u5f53\u7f29\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                          • WAL\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u5927WAL\u6bb5\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\uff08wal_segment_size<\/code>\uff09\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u9891\u7e41\u5237\u76d8\u7684I\/O\u5f00\u9500\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                          • \u4fdd\u7559\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6eretention.time<\/code>\u548cretention.size<\/code>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                          • \u907f\u514d\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u7b7e\u503c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237ID\uff09\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7d22\u5f15\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            \n

                            \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u6f14\u8fdb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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