{"id":32513,"date":"2025-03-04T10:18:31","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T02:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=32513"},"modified":"2025-03-04T10:18:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T02:18:31","slug":"%e5%9c%a8prometheus%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/32513.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5728Prometheus\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"\u5728Prometheus\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0e\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u76db\u884c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u4f38\u7f29\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8bIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u9759\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u5f97\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6807\u6746\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u6001\u611f\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u4f18\u5316Prometheus<\/a>\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\u5730\u638c\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0ePrometheus\u7684\u9002\u914d\u6027<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5f39\u6027\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u3001\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u6eda\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u800c\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u82e5\u4f9d\u8d56\u624b\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u914d\u7f6e\u6ede\u540e\u5bfc\u81f4\u76d1\u63a7\u76f2\u533a\u3002Prometheus\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\uff08Service Discovery\uff09\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u63a5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u5982Kubernetes\u3001Consul\u3001AWS\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u75db\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

Prometheus\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u6ce8\u518c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Kubernetes SD<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u7684Pod\u3001Service\u3001Endpoint\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\n<\/li>\n
  • Consul SD<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u6210Consul\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8282\u70b9\u3002\n<\/li>\n
  • EC2 SD<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7AWS EC2\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6807\u7b7e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\n<\/li>\n
  • \u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684SD<\/strong>\uff08File-Based SD\uff09\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7JSON\u6216YAML\u6587\u4ef6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6df7\u5408\u73af\u5883\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u63d2\u4ef6\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u4f7f\u5f97Prometheus\u80fd\u591f\u65e0\u7f1d\u9002\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u6808\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    1. \u542f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Prometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6prometheus.yml<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u76d1\u63a7\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8981\u542f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u5728scrape_configs<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u5757\u3002\u4ee5Kubernetes\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'  \r\nkubernetes_sd_configs:  \r\n- role: pod  \r\nrelabel_configs:  \r\n- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]  \r\naction: keep  \r\nregex: true  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u76d1\u542c\u6240\u6709Pod\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7relabel_configs<\/code>\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u643a\u5e26prometheus.io\/scrape=true<\/code>\u6ce8\u89e3\u7684Pod\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
    2. \u5143\u6570\u636e\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0e\u91cd\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Relabeling\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong>\uff08\u5982__meta_kubernetes_pod_name<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7relabel_configs<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5143\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    relabel_configs:  \r\n- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]  \r\ntarget_label: namespace  \r\n- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]  \r\ntarget_label: pod  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u8def\u7531\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u5339\u914d\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
    3. \u52a8\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u70ed\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \u4fee\u6539Prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6548\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u53d1\u9001SIGHUP\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1akill -HUP <prometheus_pid><\/code>\n<\/li>\n
    • \u8c03\u7528HTTP API<\/strong>\uff1acurl -X POST http:\/\/localhost:9090\/-\/reload<\/code>
      \n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u9700\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u542f\u7528--web.enable-lifecycle<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u652f\u6301API\u70ed\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/em>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      1. Kubernetes SD\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5229\u5668<\/strong><\/h4>\n
      Kubernetes SD\u63d2\u4ef6\u662fPrometheus\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684role<\/code>\uff08\u5982pod<\/code>\u3001service<\/code>\u3001endpoints<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u76d1\u63a7\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \n
      • role: pod<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u76d1\u63a7Pod\u7684IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u5408Sidecar\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684Exporter\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      • role: endpoints<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408Service\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u5173\u8054\u7684Endpoint\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u670d\u52a1\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        2. Consul SD\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6865\u6881<\/strong><\/h4>\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Consul\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u6ce8\u518c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0cConsul SD\u63d2\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u540c\u6b65\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
        scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'consul-services'  \r\nconsul_sd_configs:  \r\n- server: 'consul-server:8500'  \r\nservices: ['web', 'api']  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9aservices<\/code>\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ec5\u76d1\u63a7\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n
        3. \u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\uff08File-Based SD\uff09\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u5bf9\u6df7\u5408\u67b6\u6784<\/strong><\/h4>\n
        \u5728\u6df7\u5408\u4e91\u6216\u4f20\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u63a5\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0API\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
        scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'file-sd'  \r\nfile_sd_configs:  \r\n- files: ['\/etc\/prometheus\/targets\/*.json']  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u652f\u6301JSON\u6216YAML\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u540ePrometheus\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
        \u56db\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        1. \u6807\u7b7e\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u7206\u70b8<\/strong><\/h4>\n
        \u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08TSDB\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u538b\u529b\u6fc0\u589e\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \u7cbe\u7b80\u6807\u7b7e\u6570\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u5982env=prod<\/code>\u3001app=order-service<\/code>\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        • \u7edf\u4e00\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303<\/strong>\uff1a\u56e2\u961f\u5185\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6807\u7b7e\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u6216\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          2. \u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u63a7\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u66b4\u9732<\/strong><\/h4>\n
          \u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684IP\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\uff1a<\/p>\n
            \n
          • \u4f7f\u7528Relabeling\u8fc7\u6ee4\u654f\u611f\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7drop<\/code>\u52a8\u4f5c\u6392\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u3002\n<\/li>\n
          • \u542f\u7528HTTPS\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u63d2\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6eTLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u6216Token\uff08\u5982Consul\u7684ACL\u4ee4\u724c\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            3. \u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u6293\u53d6\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong><\/h4>\n
            \u5728\u9ad8\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4Prometheus\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u8c03\u6574scrape_interval<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\n<\/li>\n
            • \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684scrape_timeout<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e2a\u522b\u76ee\u6807\u54cd\u5e94\u6162\u62d6\u7d2f\u6574\u4f53\u6293\u53d6\u5468\u671f\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              4. \u7ed3\u5408Alertmanager\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u544a\u8b66<\/strong><\/h4>\n
              \u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
              groups:  \r\n- name: node-alerts  \r\nrules:  \r\n- alert: HighNodeCPU  \r\nexpr: avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) < 0.2  \r\nlabels:  \r\nseverity: critical  \r\nannotations:  \r\nsummary: "\u9ad8CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387 (\u5b9e\u4f8b {{ $labels.instance }})"  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
              \u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9002\u914d\u6240\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
              \n
              \u4e94\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u63d2\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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