{"id":32714,"date":"2025-03-04T10:41:54","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T02:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=32714"},"modified":"2025-03-04T10:41:54","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T02:41:54","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%af%b9%e8%99%9a%e6%8b%9f%e5%8c%96%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/32714.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u3010\u524d\u8a00\u3011
\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u6df7\u5408IT\u67b6\u6784\u76db\u884c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1aIT\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u4e91\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u53d7\u9650\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u76d1\u63a7\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1f\u5f00\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5230\u5b9e\u6218\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790Prometheus<\/a>\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cbe\u51c6\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u75db\u70b9\u4e0e\u6311\u6218<\/h3>\n

\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\uff08\u5982Hypervisor\uff09\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff08CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\uff09\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u624b\u6bb5\u9762\u4e34\u4e09\u5927\u96be\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u8d44\u6e90\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u4ee3\u7406\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u6307\u6807\u7ef4\u5ea6\u590d\u6742<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u591a\u5c42\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aVMware\u3001KVM\u3001Hyper-V\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u865a\u62df\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6307\u6807\u683c\u5f0f\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPrometheus\u7684\u62c9\u53d6\uff08Pull\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5929\u7136\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

    1. \u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\uff1aExporter\u7684\u6865\u6881\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Prometheus\u901a\u8fc7Exporter<\/strong>\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa\u5668\uff09\u4ece\u865a\u62df\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\u6293\u53d6\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Node Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u57fa\u7840\u8d44\u6e90\uff08CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
    • KVM\/libvirt Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u91c7\u96c6\u57fa\u4e8eKVM\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
    • vSphere Exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u63a5VMware vCenter\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u96c6\u7fa4\u3001\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u53ca\u865a\u62df\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Exporter\u5c06\u539f\u751fAPI\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\/XML\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPrometheus\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982node_memory_Active_bytes 1024<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u5e73\u53f0\u6307\u6807\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5316\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

      2. \u52a8\u6001\u53d1\u73b0\uff1aService Discovery\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5316\u9002\u914d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      \u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u865a\u62df\u673aIP\u53ef\u80fd\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316\uff0cPrometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\uff08Service Discovery\uff09<\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u57fa\u4e8eConsul\u6216Etcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4e91\u5382\u5546\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301AWS EC2\u3001Azure VM\u7b49\u6807\u7b7e\u5339\u914d\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u6216HTTP\u63a5\u53e3\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fddPrometheus\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u5373\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

        3. \u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        Prometheus\u7684\u6307\u6807\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

        virtual_machine_cpu_usage{host="esxi-01", vm="web-server", region="us-east"} 0.75  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u7b5b\u9009\u7279\u5b9a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec4\u6216\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
        \u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4ece\u642d\u5efa\u5230\u544a\u8b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def<\/h3>\n
        \u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72Exporter<\/h4>\n
        \u4ee5KVM\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u5b89\u88c5libvirt-exporter<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
        wget https:\/\/github.com\/kumina\/libvirt_exporter\/releases\/download\/v0.0.4\/libvirt_exporter-0.0.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz  \r\n.\/libvirt_exporter --libvirt.uri="qemu:\/\/\/system"  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0cExporter\u5c06\u5728http:\/\/<\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673aIP>:9177\/metrics<\/code>\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n
        \u5728prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
        scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'kvm-hosts'  \r\nstatic_configs:  \r\n- targets: ['\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673aIP:9177']  \r\nrelabel_configs:  \r\n- source_labels: [__address__]  \r\ntarget_label: __param_target  \r\n- source_labels: [__param_target]  \r\ntarget_label: instance  \r\n- target_label: __address__  \r\nreplacement: '\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673aIP:9177'  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7relabel_configs<\/code>\u52a8\u6001\u91cd\u5199\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u540d\u79f0\u4e0eIP\u7684\u89e3\u8026\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u6b65\u9aa43\uff1a\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h4>\n
        \u5728Prometheus\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u865a\u62df\u673aCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d85\u8fc790%\u6301\u7eed5\u5206\u949f\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
        groups:  \r\n- name: vm-alerts  \r\nrules:  \r\n- alert: HighVMCPUUsage  \r\nexpr: avg_over_time(libvirt_domain_info_cpu_time_total[5m]) > 0.9  \r\nlabels:  \r\nseverity: critical  \r\nannotations:  \r\nsummary: "\u865a\u62df\u673a {{ $labels.instance }} CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8"  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7ed3\u5408Grafana<\/strong>\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u89c2\u5c55\u793a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3001\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5206\u5e03\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
        \u56db\u3001Prometheus\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u5f39\u6027\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u7247\u8054\u90a6\uff08Federation\uff09\u652f\u6301\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u76d1\u63a7\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        2. \u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6548\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1aTSDB\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u538b\u7f29\u6bd4\u9ad8\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        3. \u751f\u6001\u4e30\u5bcc<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0eKubernetes\u3001OpenStack\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u6808\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u91d1\u878d\u4f01\u4e1a\u91c7\u7528Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u5176OpenStack\u79c1\u6709\u4e91\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6545\u969c\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u5c0f\u65f6\u7ea7\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n
          \n
          \u4e94\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u89c4\u907f\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \u907f\u514d\u6307\u6807\u7206\u70b8<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7metric_relabel_configs<\/code>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4f4e\u4ef7\u503c\u6307\u6807\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          • \u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6293\u53d6\u95f4\u9694<\/strong>\uff1a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u76d1\u63a7\u5efa\u8bae\u95f4\u9694\u4e3a15-30\u79d2\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          • \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Thanos\u6216VictoriaMetrics\u89e3\u51b3Prometheus\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u50a8\u74f6\u9888\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \n
            \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0cPrometheus\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491<\/strong>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u4e91\u67b6\u6784\u8fd8\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0e\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd0\u7ef4\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            \u3010\u524d\u8a00\u3011 \u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u6df7\u5408IT\u67b6\u6784\u76db\u884c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1aIT\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u4e91\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u53d7\u9650\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u76d1\u63a7\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\uff1f\u5f00\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848Prometheus\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5230\u5b9e\u6218\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u5316\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cbe\u51c6\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6311\u6218\u3002 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VM\u7b49\u6807\u7b7e\u5339\u914d\uff1b \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u6216HTTP\u63a5\u53e3\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fddPrometheus\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u5373\u53ef\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002 3. \u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d Prometheus\u7684\u6307\u6807\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a virtual_machine_cpu_usage{host="esxi-01", vm="web-server", region="us-east"} 0.75 \u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u7b5b\u9009\u7279\u5b9a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec4\u6216\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4ece\u642d\u5efa\u5230\u544a\u8b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def \u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72Exporter \u4ee5KVM\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u5b89\u88c5libvirt-exporter\uff1a wget https:\/\/github.com\/kumina\/libvirt_exporter\/releases\/download\/v0.0.4\/libvirt_exporter-0.0.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz .\/libvirt_exporter –libvirt.uri="qemu:\/\/\/system" \u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0cExporter\u5c06\u5728http:\/\/<\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673aIP>:9177\/metrics\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807\u3002 \u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u914d\u7f6ePrometheus\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1 \u5728prometheus.yml\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a scrape_configs: – job_name: ‘kvm-hosts’ static_configs: 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