{"id":32932,"date":"2025-03-04T11:11:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T03:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=32932"},"modified":"2025-03-04T11:11:47","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T03:11:47","slug":"ebpf-%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e5%bc%80%e9%94%80%e6%9c%89%e5%a4%9a%e5%a4%a7%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/32932.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6280\u672f\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u6808\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002\u800ceBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3aLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u52a8\u6001\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/strong>\u548c\u96f6\u4ee3\u7801\u4fb5\u5165<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u5851\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u6bcf\u5f53\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u603b\u4f1a\u6d6e\u73b0\uff1a\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u591a\u5c11\u989d\u5916\u8d1f\u62c5\uff1f<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790eBPF<\/a>\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u539f\u7406\u63ed\u5f00\u5176\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u8c1c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001eBPF\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u672f<\/h3>\n

\u8981\u7406\u89e3eBPF\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u540c\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u6c99\u7bb1\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5b89\u5168\u540e\u624d\u88abJIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7801\u6267\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u514d\u53bb\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u6001Agent\uff09\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6001-\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCilium\u9879\u76ee\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0ceBPF\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6bd4iptables\u4f4e10\u500d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4e0eJIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u52a0\u8f7deBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u8017\u65f6\u6570\u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5f00\u9500<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n

    1. \u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3iptables\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u67d0\u516c\u6709\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u5904\u7406\u6bcf\u79d2100\u4e07\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4ec5\u4e3a2.3%\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u540c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0biptables\u7684CPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\u8fbe\u523012.7%\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • \u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece850\u7eb3\u79d2\u964d\u81f3220\u7eb3\u79d2<\/strong>\uff0c\u964d\u5e45\u8fbe74%\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

      \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6bcf\u79d210\u4e07\u6b21openat\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff08\u901a\u8fc7tracepoint\u6216kprobe\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u65e0\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u6302\u8f7d\u63a2\u9488\u7684CPU\u5f00\u9500\u7ea6\u4e3a0.8%\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      • \u9644\u5e26\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7perf buffer\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u4e0a\u5347\u81f32.1%-3.5%\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      • \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684strace\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u8d85\u8fc750%\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

        Falco\uff08\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5b89\u5168\u9879\u76ee\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u89c4\u5219\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u76d1\u63a7\uff0810\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u7684CPU\u5f00\u9500%\uff0c\u800c\u5305\u542b100\u6761\u590d\u6742\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u52303%-5%\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        • \u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017<\/strong>\uff1a\u5355\u4e2aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u572810KB-500KB<\/strong>\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u767eMB\u7ea7\u6d88\u8017\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n

          \u4e09\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/h3>\n

          eBPF\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            \u4e8b\u4ef6\u89e6\u53d1\u9891\u7387<\/strong>
            \n\u9ad8\u9891\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u4e22\u5305\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u7684\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cbe\u7b80\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u90fd\u89e6\u53d1\u7684XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u63a7\u5236\u572850\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5185<\/strong>\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          2. \n

            \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \n
            • perf buffer<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f4e\u9891\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u901a\u77e5\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u590d\u5236\u5f00\u9500\u3002\n<\/li>\n
            • \u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08ring buffer\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aLinux 5.8+\u5f15\u5165\u7684BPF\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u534730%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\n<\/li>\n
            • \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u9891\u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
              1. \n

                \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>
                \neBPF\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001LRU\u6620\u5c04\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8100\u4e07\u6761\u8fde\u63a5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5ef6\u8fdf\u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e8e100\u7eb3\u79d2<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              2. \n

                \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>
                \n\u90e8\u5206\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982bpf_probe_read_user\uff09\u6d89\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5f00\u9500\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \n

                \u56db\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236eBPF\u7684\u5f00\u9500<\/h3>\n

                1. \u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u7cbe\u7b80<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • \u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7981\u6b62\u5faa\u73af\uff08\u9664\u975e\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u6709\u9650\u6b21\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6539\u7528\u5c3e\u8c03\u7528\uff08tail call\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u8df3\u8f6c\u3002\n<\/li>\n
                • \u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u4e2d\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\n<\/li>\n
                • \u9650\u5236\u91c7\u6837\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u91c7\u75281%\u91c7\u6837\u7387\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u53ef\u4ece5%\u964d\u81f30.05%\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  2. \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528per-CPU\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u591a\u6838\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u72ec\u7acb\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u6807\u540e\u518d\u805a\u5408\u3002\n<\/li>\n
                  • \u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u975e\u5173\u952e\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u6279\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u540c\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    3. \u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f<\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    • JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1aLinux 5.10+\u7248\u672c\u5bf9ARM64\u67b6\u6784\u7684eBPF JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u534740%\u3002\n<\/li>\n
                    • \u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\u652f\u6301eBPF\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff08\u5982Netronome NFP4000\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6CPU\u5360\u7528\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      \n

                      \u4e94\u3001eBPF\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u53d6\u820d\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n

                      \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u5728\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4ecd\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u8d85\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\uff1aXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u5165\u6570\u767e\u7eb3\u79d2\u6296\u52a8\uff0c\u9700\u5b9e\u6d4b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\n<\/li>\n
                      • \u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u89c4\u5219\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d85\u8fc71000\u6761\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u6d4b\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u5f15\u64ce\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\n<\/li>\n
                      • \u65e7\u5185\u6838\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1aLinux 4.9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7248\u672c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u8fbe5\u500d\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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