{"id":34459,"date":"2025-03-10T17:23:37","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34459"},"modified":"2025-03-10T17:23:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:23:37","slug":"ebpf%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e7%9a%84%e8%b5%84%e6%ba%90%e9%9a%94%e7%a6%bb%e5%92%8c%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34459.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u9650\u5236\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5982cgroups\u3001namespaces\u6216iptables\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4e0a\u9762\u4e34\u74f6\u9888\u3002eBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0ceBPF<\/a>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u96f6\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9e\u65f6\u9694\u79bb\u4e0e\u9650\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u6001\u6c99\u7bb1\u5316\u8fd0\u884c<\/strong>\u3001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u89c2\u6d4b<\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001eBPF\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9002\u914d\u6027<\/strong><\/h3>\n

eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u5374\u5177\u5907\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u622a\u83b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u6216\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7deBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230cgroup<\/code>\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001I\/O\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u62e6\u622a\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u5982cgroups\u867d\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u989d\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u89e6\u53d1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8d85\u8fc7\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u6838\u63a5\u53e3\u5f3a\u5236\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u6838\u6001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u9694\u79bb\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u52a8\u6001\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>
    \neBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u9644\u7740\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\uff08\u5982kprobe<\/code>\u3001tracepoint<\/code>\u3001XDP<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9694\u79bb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Kubernetes\u4e2d\uff0cCilium\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528eBPF\u7684XDP<\/code>\uff08Express Data Path\uff09\u94a9\u5b50\u66ff\u4ee3iptables\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u751f\u6548<\/strong>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c1150%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684CPU\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u611f\u77e5<\/strong>
    \neBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3001cgroup\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7b49\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u670d\u52a1\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0d\u53d7\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u5b89\u5168\u6c99\u7bb1\u673a\u5236<\/strong>
    \neBPF\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5185\u7f6e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Verifier\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\u6216\u6b7b\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5373\u4f7f\u975e\u7279\u6743\u7528\u6237\uff08\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff09\u4e5f\u80fd\u90e8\u7f72\u9694\u79bb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u727a\u7272\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u89c2\u6d4b\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u5316\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4f4e\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a81\u7834\u74f6\u9888\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/strong>
      \neBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u805a\u5408\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u5f00\u6e90\u7684katran<\/code>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u5229\u7528eBPF\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u76841\/10\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u667a\u80fd\u91c7\u6837\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/strong>
      \n\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u9884\u5148\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u4e22\u5f03\u77ed\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u8054\u5408\u73b0\u6709\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>
      \neBPF\u53ef\u4e0ecgroups\u3001seccomp\u7b49\u6a21\u5757\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408cgroups v2\u7684BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668ID\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539tc\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n

      \u56db\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u9650\u5236\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u9632\u5fa1<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      eBPF\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\uff08Hot Reload\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u5f39\u6027\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u573a\u666f<\/strong>
        \n\u5728Serverless\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u542f\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u8282\u70b9\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f18\u5148\u4e3a\u9ad8QoS\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9884\u7559\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u5bf9\u6297\u8d44\u6e90\u6ee5\u7528\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>
        \n\u9488\u5bf9DDoS\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u6316\u77ff\u811a\u672c\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u5f02\u5e38\u7684mmap<\/code>\u6216clone<\/code>\u9891\u7387\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u51bb\u7ed3\u6076\u610f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        \u591a\u79df\u6237\u73af\u5883\u9694\u79bb<\/strong>
        \n\u5728\u516c\u6709\u4e91\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u79df\u6237\u5206\u914d\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\u4e91ASM\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\uff09\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u79df\u6237\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f20\u7edfiptables\u89c4\u5219\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \n

        \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u6808\u5206\u6790\uff0ceBPF\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6210\u719f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong><\/th>\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/th>\n\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        CPU\u8c03\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n\u7ed3\u5408cgroups v2\u7684CPU\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u4efd\u989d<\/td>\n\u7b56\u7565\u751f\u6548\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u964d\u81f3\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/td>\n\u76d1\u63a7mmap<\/code>\u3001brk<\/code>\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u5bb9\u5668\u8d85\u9650\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\u68c0\u6d4b\u8017\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e80%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd<\/strong><\/td>\n\u901a\u8fc7tc<\/code>\uff08Traffic Control\uff09BPF\u94a9\u5b50\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u9650\u901f<\/td>\n\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u6ce2\u52a8\u51cf\u5c1160%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5b58\u50a8I\/O<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5728\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u5c42\u62e6\u622abio<\/code>\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6309cgroup\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8c03\u5ea6IOPS<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u4e0b\u964d45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5b89\u5168\u9694\u79bb<\/strong><\/td>\n\u4e0eseccomp\u3001LSM\uff08Linux\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u963b\u65ad\u8d8a\u6743\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>\n\u7b56\u7565\u5339\u914d\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u534710\u500d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \n

        \u516d\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u63a7\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u5e94\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u788e\u7247\u5316<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7279\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff08\u22654.9\uff09\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5347\u7ea7\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        • **\u5f00\u53d1\u8005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u9650\u5236\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5982cgroups\u3001namespaces\u6216iptables\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4e0a\u9762\u4e34\u74f6\u9888\u3002eBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0ceBPF\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u96f6\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u5b9e\u65f6\u9694\u79bb\u4e0e\u9650\u5236\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u6001\u6c99\u7bb1\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u89c2\u6d4b\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002 \u4e00\u3001eBPF\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u5929\u7136\u9002\u914d\u6027 eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u5374\u5177\u5907\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u622a\u83b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u6216\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u8f7deBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230cgroup\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001I\/O\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u62e6\u622a\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u3002 \u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u5982cgroups\u867d\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u989d\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u89e6\u53d1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8d85\u8fc7\u9884\u8bbe\u503c\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u6838\u63a5\u53e3\u5f3a\u5236\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u5185\u6838\u6001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9769\u547d \u8d44\u6e90\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u9694\u79bb\uff1a \u52a8\u6001\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u9009\u62e9 eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u9644\u7740\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\uff08\u5982kprobe\u3001tracepoint\u3001XDP\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9694\u79bb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Kubernetes\u4e2d\uff0cCilium\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528eBPF\u7684XDP\uff08Express Data Path\uff09\u94a9\u5b50\u66ff\u4ee3iptables\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51cf\u5c1150%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684CPU\u5f00\u9500\u3002 \u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u611f\u77e5 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\u4e09\u3001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u89c2\u6d4b\uff1a\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u5316\u4fdd\u969c \u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4f4e\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u51c6\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a81\u7834\u74f6\u9888\uff1a \u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6 eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u805a\u5408\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u5f00\u6e90\u7684katran\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u5229\u7528eBPF\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u76841\/10\u3002 \u667a\u80fd\u91c7\u6837\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4 \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u9884\u5148\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u4e22\u5f03\u77ed\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u538b\u529b\u3002 \u8054\u5408\u73b0\u6709\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf eBPF\u53ef\u4e0ecgroups\u3001seccomp\u7b49\u6a21\u5757\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408cgroups v2\u7684BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB\u7c7b\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bb9\u5668ID\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u4fee\u6539tc\u89c4\u5219\u3002 \u56db\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u9650\u5236\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u9632\u5fa1 eBPF\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\uff08Hot Reload\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\uff1a \u5f39\u6027\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u573a\u666f \u5728Serverless\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u542f\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u8282\u70b9\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f18\u5148\u4e3a\u9ad8QoS\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9884\u7559\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 \u5bf9\u6297\u8d44\u6e90\u6ee5\u7528\u653b\u51fb 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