{"id":34522,"date":"2025-03-10T17:31:19","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:31:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34522"},"modified":"2025-03-10T17:31:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:31:19","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e5%be%ae%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34522.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Y2P2G7ko71.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u654f\u6377\u5f00\u53d1\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6784\u5efa\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u5f97\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u51c6\u6355\u6349\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6d77\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7<\/a>\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u7834\u5c40\u8005\u201d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7<\/a>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u75db\u70b9\">\u4e00\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u75db\u70b9<\/h3>\n<p>\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7279\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u76d1\u63a7\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u968f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8e\u9759\u6001IP\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u5f0f\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u76d1\u63a7CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u7b49\u591a\u7c7b\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6784\u6280\u672f\u6808\uff08\u5982Java\u3001Go\u3001Python\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5173\u8054\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u6545\u969c\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u94fe\u8def\u5171\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\uff0c\u9700\u8de8\u670d\u52a1\u805a\u5408\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6839\u56e0\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u9700\u8981\u79d2\u7ea7\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e8b\u540e\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u8981\u6c42\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u5177\u5907<strong>\u5f39\u6027\u4f38\u7f29\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662fPrometheus\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-prometheus\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\">\u4e8c\u3001Prometheus\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-pull-\u62c9\u53d6-\u6a21\u578b-\u4e3b\u52a8\u6293\u53d6\u7684-\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\">1. <strong>Pull\uff08\u62c9\u53d6\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u201c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u5175\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684Push\uff08\u63a8\u9001\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cPrometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u70b9\uff08\u5982<code>\/metrics<\/code>\uff09\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u62c9\u53d6\u6307\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5929\u7136\u9002\u5e94\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u66f4\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u914d\u7f6e\uff0cPrometheus\u5373\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b-\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u5207\">2. <strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u7528\u6807\u7b7e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u5207<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6307\u6807\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http_requests_total{method=&quot;POST&quot;, endpoint=&quot;\/api\/v1\/user&quot;, status=&quot;200&quot;}  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u7b5b\u9009\uff08\u5982<code>{status!=&quot;200&quot;}<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3-promql-\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00\">3. <strong>PromQL\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>PromQL\uff08Prometheus Query Language\uff09\u652f\u6301\u5b9e\u65f6\u805a\u5408\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7edf\u8ba1\u8fc7\u53bb5\u5206\u949f\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=&quot;500&quot;}[5m])) \/ sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))<\/code>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9884\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>predict_linear(node_filesystem_free_bytes[1h], 3600*24)<\/code>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"4-\u8054\u90a6\u67b6\u6784-\u5206\u5c42\u805a\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\">4. <strong>\u8054\u90a6\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5c42\u805a\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u4e2aPrometheus\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6307\u6807\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u90a6\uff08Federation\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0a\u7ea7Prometheus\u53ef\u4ece\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u805a\u5408\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u53c8\u907f\u514d\u5355\u70b9\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u843d\u5730\u5b9e\u8df5\">\u4e09\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u843d\u5730\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa41-\u66b4\u9732\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u6807\">\u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a<strong>\u66b4\u9732\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u6807<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u5982Spring Boot\u3001Golang Gin\uff09\u5df2\u96c6\u6210Prometheus\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5Spring Boot\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56<code>micrometer-registry-prometheus<\/code>\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u89e3\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210JVM\u3001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u6307\u6807\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u653e<code>\/actuator\/prometheus<\/code>\u7aef\u70b9\u4f9bPrometheus\u6293\u53d6\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa42-\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\">\u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a<strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728Kubernetes\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cPrometheus\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7<code>kubernetes_sd_config<\/code>\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0Pod\u3001Service\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u76d1\u542c\u6240\u6709\u5e26\u6ce8\u89e3<code>prometheus.io\/scrape: &quot;true&quot;<\/code>\u7684Pod\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'  \r\nkubernetes_sd_configs:  \r\n- role: pod  \r\nrelabel_configs:  \r\n- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]  \r\naction: keep  \r\nregex: true  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa43-\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\">\u6b65\u9aa43\uff1a<strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728<code>alert.rules.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9608\u503c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u67d0\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u8d85\u8fc75%\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">groups:  \r\n- name: service-errors  \r\nrules:  \r\n- alert: HighErrorRate  \r\nexpr: rate(http_requests_total{status=~&quot;5..&quot;}[5m]) \/ rate(http_requests_total[5m]) &gt; 0.05  \r\nfor: 2m  \r\nlabels:  \r\nseverity: critical  \r\nannotations:  \r\nsummary: &quot;\u9ad8\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f8b {{ $labels.instance }}&quot;  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa44-\u96c6\u6210\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u9053\">\u6b65\u9aa44\uff1a<strong>\u96c6\u6210\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u9053<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Grafana<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u7f6e\u7684Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alertmanager<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u544a\u8b66\u8def\u7531\u81f3\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001Slack\u6216PagerDuty\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u9759\u9ed8\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u6291\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-prometheus\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4f18\u52bf\">\u56db\u3001Prometheus\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4f4e\u4fb5\u5165\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u63a5\u53e3\u62c9\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u793e\u533a\u751f\u6001\u5f3a\u5927<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0eKubernetes\u3001Istio\u7b49\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Thanos\u6216Cortex\u7b49\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5355\u673a\u7248\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u74f6\u9888\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027\">\u4e94\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u7684DevOps\u73af\u5883\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8eKubernetes\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u96c6\u7fa4\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6307\u6807\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u67e5\u8be2\u6709\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\uff08\u9700\u7ed3\u5408Loki\u6216ELK\uff09\u6216100%\u7cbe\u51c6\u8ba1\u8d39\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528Metrics SDK\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u4e92\u8865\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00 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