{"id":34564,"date":"2025-03-10T17:36:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:36:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34564"},"modified":"2025-03-10T17:36:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:36:36","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%b1%a0%e7%8a%b6%e6%80%81%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34564.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u72b6\u6001\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/jrQbOsk.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u541e\u5410\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u8f7b\u5219\u5bfc\u81f4\u63a5\u53e3\u5ef6\u8fdf\u98d9\u5347\uff0c\u91cd\u5219\u5f15\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u96ea\u5d29\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f80\u5f80\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5176\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6\uff1f<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7834\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u52a9\u60a8\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u9690\u60a3\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u97e7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u7f13\u51b2\u5e26\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u53d7\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7b49\u5f85\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u963b\u585e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6cc4\u6f0f\u98ce\u9669<\/strong>\uff1a\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u8017\u5c3d\u6c60\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53<\/strong>\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u82e5\u672a\u9002\u914d\u4e1a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6392\u67e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c<strong>Prometheus\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65f6\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u9690\u5f62\u95ee\u9898\u663e\u6027\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u62c9\u53d6\uff08Pull\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u6536\u96c6\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Exporter\u7684\u6865\u6881\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001Redis\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u90e8\u7f72\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Exporter\uff08\u5982<code>mysqld_exporter<\/code>\u3001<code>pg_exporter<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6307\u6807\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6307\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/strong>\uff1aExporter\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u6307\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a<code>db_connection_pool_active<\/code>\uff08\u6d3b\u8dc3\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3001<code>db_connection_pool_idle<\/code>\uff08\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3001<code>db_connection_pool_max<\/code>\uff08\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0e\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong>\uff1a<code>db_connection_pool_wait_count<\/code>\uff08\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\uff09\u3001<code>db_connection_timeout_total<\/code>\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u6b21\u6570\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08TSDB\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u5c06\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6307\u6807\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5b9e\u6218-\u4ece\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u4ece\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6eexporter\"><strong>1. \u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6eExporter<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4ee5MySQL\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u542f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u542f\u52a8mysqld_exporter<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">.\/mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=&quot;.my.cnf&quot;  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728<code>.my.cnf<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5730\u5740\u3001\u8d26\u53f7\u548c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u786e\u4fddExporter\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee<code>SHOW STATUS<\/code>\u548c<code>SHOW VARIABLES<\/code>\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6307\u6807\u66b4\u9732<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee<code>http:\/\/exporter-host:9104\/metrics<\/code>\uff0c\u641c\u7d22<code>mysql_global_status_connection_errors_total<\/code>\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u5e38\u91c7\u96c6\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2-prometheus\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\"><strong>2. Prometheus\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728<code>prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u65b0\u589eJob\uff0c\u5b9a\u65f6\u62c9\u53d6Exporter\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'mysql'  \r\nstatic_configs:  \r\n- targets: ['exporter-host:9104']  \r\nmetrics_path: \/metrics  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u5173\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u7684promql\u5b9e\u8df5\"><strong>3. \u5173\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u7684PromQL\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u5b9a\u4e49\u6838\u5fc3\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">sum(mysql_global_variables_max_connections) - sum(mysql_global_status_threads_connected)  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53cd\u6620\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd10\u65f6\u9700\u6269\u5bb9\u6216\u4f18\u5316SQL\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5f85\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">rate(mysql_global_status_threads_connected[5m]) \/ rate(mysql_global_status_connection_attempts[5m])  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9ad8\u7b49\u5f85\u7387\u8868\u660e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8fc7\u5c0f\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"4-\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\"><strong>4. \u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728<code>alert.rules<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u9608\u503c\u7c7b\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">- alert: HighConnectionWait  \r\nexpr: rate(mysql_global_status_threads_connected[5m]) &gt; 0.8  \r\nfor: 5m  \r\nlabels:  \r\nseverity: critical  \r\nannotations:  \r\nsummary: &quot;\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b49\u5f85\u7387\u8d85\u8fc780%&quot;  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"5-\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\"><strong>5. \u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e0e\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<strong>Grafana<\/strong>\u5c06PromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u9762\u677f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c55\u793a\u6d3b\u8dc3\/\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5386\u53f2\u8d8b\u52bf\u56fe<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8f85\u52a9\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f02\u5e38\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u6210Alertmanager\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u5386\u53f2\u544a\u8b66\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6307\u6807\u9009\u62e9\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6307\u6807\uff08\u5982\u6309\u4e1a\u52a1\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408QPS\u3001\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u5173\u8054\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6839\u56e0\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u53c2\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6839\u636ePrometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684<code>max_pool_size<\/code>\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528Kubernetes HPA\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5f39\u6027\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514dExporter\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9650\u5236\u9ad8\u9891\u6307\u6807\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u95f4\u9694\uff08\u901a\u8fc7Exporter\u7684<code>--collector.disable-defaults<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3aExporter\u5206\u914d\u72ec\u7acb\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5bb9\u5668\u7ade\u4e89CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u63a7<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3aExporter\u521b\u5efa\u53ea\u8bfb\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5176\u4ec5\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7Prometheus\u7684TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u548cBasic Auth\u529f\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b89\u5168\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u6269\u5c55\u573a\u666f-\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9002\u914d\u65b9\u6848\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9002\u914d\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u9664MySQL\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u5dee\u5f02\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PostgreSQL<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>pg_stat_activity<\/code>\u89c6\u56fe\u548c<code>pgBouncer<\/code>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u6307\u6807\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Redis<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>CLIENT 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