{"id":34721,"date":"2025-03-11T14:37:31","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34721"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:37:31","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:37:31","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%80%9a%e8%bf%87ebpf%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e7%9a%84%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%b5%84%e6%ba%90%e8%b0%83%e5%ba%a6%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34721.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/65RpM0c.jpg\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u6548\u7387\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982<code>top<\/code>\u3001<code>perf<\/code>\uff09\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3001\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u9010\u6e10\u66b4\u9732\u77ed\u677f\u3002<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">eBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3aLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u4f18\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f18\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">eBPF<\/a>\u7a81\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u6784\u5efa<strong>\u54cd\u5e94\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8<\/strong>\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-ebpf-\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u8005\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001eBPF\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u8005<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>eBPF\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6c99\u7bb1\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5176\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002<strong>\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u201d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\uff09\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<code>kprobe<\/code>\uff08\u5185\u6838\u63a2\u9488\uff09\u548c<code>tracepoint<\/code>\uff08\u8ddf\u8e2a\u70b9\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u6355\u6349\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684CPU\u5360\u7528\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u6216\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7<code>map<\/code>\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u9988\u81f3\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4f9d\u636e<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79d2\u7ea7\u91c7\u6837\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u5ea6-ebpf\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u8c03\u5ea6\uff1aeBPF\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u8d44\u6e90\u753b\u50cf\"><strong>1. \u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u8d44\u6e90\u753b\u50cf<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7edf\u8ba1\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u80fd\u591f\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u94a9<code>malloc()<\/code>\u3001<code>sched_switch<\/code>\u7b49\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u7edf\u8ba1<strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u7387\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5206\u6790\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u5229\u7528eBPF\u5f00\u53d1\u7684<code>CPUBound<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u56e0\u9891\u7e41\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u865a\u9ad8\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u5b9e\u65f6\u53cd\u9988\"><strong>2. \u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u5b9e\u65f6\u53cd\u9988<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u5f00\u9500\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u4e8e1%\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f7&#215;24\u5c0f\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1a\u52a1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<strong>\u901a\u8fc7<code>perf_event<\/code>\u6216<code>ring buffer<\/code>\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u9891\u7e41\u8f6e\u8be2\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u3002\u5728Kubernetes\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574Pod\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u989d\uff08\u5982CPU Cgroup\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c\"><strong>3. \u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>eBPF\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7<code>BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB<\/code>\u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u52a8\u5e72\u9884\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u9891\u7e41\u89e6\u53d1\u78c1\u76d8\u9650\u6d41\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5176I\/O\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1b\u6216\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u4e3a\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u9884\u7559\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u611f\u77e5-\u51b3\u7b56-\u6267\u884c\u201d\u7684\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u667a\u80fd\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5b9e\u6218-\u57fa\u4e8eebpf\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u7684\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"\u573a\u666f1-cpu\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\"><strong>\u573a\u666f1\uff1aCPU\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u591a\u6838\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0cLinux\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684CFS\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u5bfc\u81f4\u6838\u95f4\u4e89\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u6302\u8f7d<code>finish_task_switch<\/code>\u8ddf\u8e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2aCPU\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7b56\u7565\u52a8\u6001\u8fc1\u79fb\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<strong>Netflix\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee<code>bpf_scheduler<\/code>\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0b\u964d15%<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"\u573a\u666f2-\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u9884\u6d4b\"><strong>\u573a\u666f2\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3(OOM)\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8b\u540e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a<code>mm_page_alloc<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u76d1\u6d4b\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u901f\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u524d\u89e6\u53d1\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u6216\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c<strong>\u5c06OOM\u53d1\u751f\u6982\u7387\u964d\u4f4e80%\u4ee5\u4e0a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"\u573a\u666f3-i-o\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\"><strong>\u573a\u666f3\uff1aI\/O\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5b58\u50a8\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e\u5b9e\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u94a9<code>blk_mq_start_request<\/code>\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u8bc6\u522bI\/O\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u987a\u5e8f\u5199\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u8d4b\u4e88\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684<code>ioprio<\/code>\u503c\u3002<strong>\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u5728ESSD\u4e91\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f18\u5316\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e8b\u52a1\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u534722%<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u6f5c\u529b\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u843d\u5730\u4ecd\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206eBPF\u7279\u6027\u9700\u8981Linux 4.16\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u4e25\u683c\u5ba1\u6838eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528<code>libbpf<\/code>\u66ff\u4ee3BCC\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528<strong>\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f18\u5148\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u9a8c\u8bc1eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7<code>bpftool<\/code>\u548c<code>kubectl-trace<\/code>\u5b9e\u73b0Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u65e0\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u96c6\u6210\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u548cGrafana\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u94fe\u8def\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u968f\u7740eBPF\u5728Kernel 6.0\u540e\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5982\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<strong>\u672a\u6765\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5185\u7f6eeBPF\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u65f6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7279\u5f81\u52a8\u6001\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u516c\u5e73\u8c03\u5ea6 vs 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