{"id":34763,"date":"2025-03-11T14:42:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34763"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:42:29","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:42:29","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e5%92%8c%e5%ad%98%e5%82%a8%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34763.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/dy8a450.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\uff1f\" 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style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u603b\u80fd\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\u9ad8\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531SoundCloud\u5f00\u53d1\u3001CNCF\u5b75\u5316\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6807\u6746\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u89c6\u7ebf\u6295\u5411\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u9886\u57df\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\u6d6e\u73b0\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6307\u6807\u76d1\u63a7\u89c1\u957f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\uff1f<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u7406\u89e3prometheus\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d\">\u4e00\u3001\u7406\u89e3<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u89e3\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c1c\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e<strong>Prometheus\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u6307\u6807\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u52a8\u62c9\u53d6\uff08Pull\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u503c\u578b\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u5904\u7406\u79d2\u7ea7\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982ELK 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id=\"\u4e09-\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u667a\u6167\">\u4e09\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u667a\u6167<\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176<strong>TSDB\uff08Time Series Database\uff09<\/strong>\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\u67b6\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff08Head Block\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u6700\u8fd12\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u91c7\u7528Write-Ahead Logging\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6301\u4e45\u5757\uff08Persistent Block\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf2\u5c0f\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528mmap\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u8bfb\u53d6\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5012\u6392\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5373\u4f7f\u9762\u5bf9\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u54cd\u5e94\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e26\u6765\u4e09\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u538b\u7f29<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5dee\u503c\u7f16\u7801\uff08Delta Encoding\uff09\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u81f31.5\u5b57\u8282\/\u6837\u672c\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u5feb10\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u90a6\u96c6\u7fa4\uff08Federation\uff09\u548cThanos\/Cortex\u7b49\u65b9\u6848\u7a81\u7834\u5355\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u9650\u5236\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5168\u6587\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u2014\u2014\u5f53Prometheus\u7684\u6307\u6807\u663e\u793a\u67d0\u670d\u52a1\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u98d9\u5347\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u8054\u7684TraceID\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5806\u6808\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u751f\u6001\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210\">\u56db\u3001\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u751f\u6001\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u5e73\u53f0<\/a>\u5f80\u5f80\u91c7\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u6218\u672f\u3002\u4ee5<strong>Prometheus+Loki+Grafana<\/strong>\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u4e09\u89d2\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5c42<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Prometheus Agent\u8d1f\u8d23\u6293\u53d6\u6307\u6807\n<\/li>\n<li>Promtail\u6536\u96c6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e76\u9644\u52a0\u4e0ePrometheus\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Prometheus TSDB\u5904\u7406\u6307\u6807\u6570\u636e\n<\/li>\n<li>Loki\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0ePrometheus\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b58\u50a8\u65e5\u5fd7\u7d22\u5f15\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5c42<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Grafana\u540c\u65f6\u5c55\u793a\u6307\u6807\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u5173\u8054\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0&rdquo;\u6307\u6807\u544a\u8b66\u2192\u65e5\u5fd7\u6eaf\u6e90&rdquo;\u7684\u95ed\u73af\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5404\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<strong>Prometheus\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u7075\u654f\u6027\uff0cLoki\u4ee5\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5339\u914d\uff0cGrafana\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5e73\u9762<\/strong>\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u6545\u969c\u5e73\u5747\u4fee\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\uff08MTTR\uff09\u7f29\u77ed\u4e8640%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bc6\u7801\">\u4e94\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bc6\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5343\u4e07\u7ea7\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u65f6\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8c03\u4f18\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684<strong>\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u7559\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u4fdd\u7559\u5468\u671f\uff08\u5982\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\u4fdd\u755990\u5929\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u6807\u4fdd\u755915\u5929\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u7247\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ebf\u6216\u96c6\u7fa4\u5212\u5206Prometheus\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5355\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5b58\u50a8\u8d85\u8fc7500\u4e07\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u538b\u7f29\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u6574<code>--storage.tsdb.max-block-chunk-segment-size<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u5e73\u8861IO\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6807\u7b7e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u6807\u7b7e\u503c\u7684\u57fa\u6570\uff08Cardinality\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0<code>high_churn<\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b58\u50a8\u81a8\u80c0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u96c6\u6210\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f<strong>\u6807\u7b7e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u67d0\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u66fe\u56e0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6807\u7b7e\uff08env=production\uff09\u4e0e\u6307\u6807\u6807\u7b7e\uff08environment=prod\uff09\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u964d30%\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u7b7e\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5173\u8054\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u81f399.7%\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"\u516d-\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\">\u516d\u3001\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411<\/h3>\n<p>\u968f\u7740<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">OpenTelemetry<\/a>\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0cPrometheus\u6b63\u5728\u62e5\u62b1\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u30022023\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684<strong>Prometheus Agent\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0eOTel 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