{"id":34847,"date":"2025-03-11T14:52:54","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:52:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34847"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:52:54","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T06:52:54","slug":"prometheus%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e9%9b%86%e6%88%90%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34847.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Q03lb7H4Up.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u4e0e\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u76db\u884c\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u6210\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u4e1a\u52a1\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7ebf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684&rdquo;\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6&rdquo;\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6784\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7a81\u7834\u4eba\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u56e2\u961f\u4e9f\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u843d\u5730\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u751f\u6001\u5305\u542bExporter\u3001Service Discovery\u3001Alertmanager\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u4e09\u5927\u75db\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u53d1\u73b0\u6ede\u540e<\/strong>\uff1aKubernetes\u7b49\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cPod\u3001Service\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u7ef4\u62a4\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5272\u88c2<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff09\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7edf\u4e00\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u50f5\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\u6ce2\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u9608\u503c\u544a\u8b66\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u62a5\u6216\u6f0f\u62a5\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u76ee\u6807\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u611f\u77e5\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u518c\u76d1\u63a7\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u9053\u6784\u5efa<\/strong>\uff1a\u6253\u901aPrometheus\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001APM\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u95ed\u73af\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u667a\u80fd\u544a\u8b66\u7f16\u6392<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u544a\u8b66\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd0\u7ef4\u566a\u97f3\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u8def\u5f84-\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u6790\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u8def\u5f84\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u667a\u80fd\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\"><strong>1. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4f9d\u8d56Exporter\uff0c\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u9759\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\uff08static_configs\uff09\u96be\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u3002<strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Kubernetes API\u3001Consul\u7b49\u6ce8\u518c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Kubernetes\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e<code>kubernetes_sd_configs<\/code>\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6Pod\u7684Endpoint\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'  \r\nkubernetes_sd_configs:  \r\n- role: pod  \r\nrelabel_configs:  \r\n- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]  \r\naction: keep  \r\nregex: true  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Exporter\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u90e8\u7f72<\/strong>\uff1a\u5229\u7528Operator\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982Prometheus Operator\uff09\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3aDeployment\u6ce8\u5165Exporter Sidecar\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u624b\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u7e41\u7410\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5904\u7406\"><strong>2. \u6570\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u539f\u59cb\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u9700\u7ecf\u8fc7<strong>\u6807\u7b7e\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>\u6307\u6807\u805a\u5408<\/strong>\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Relabeling\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>relabel_configs<\/code>\u91cd\u5199\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06Kubernetes\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08Namespace\u3001Pod\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u6ce8\u5165\u6307\u6807\u6807\u7b7e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recording Rules<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u805a\u5408\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97QPS\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff09\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9884\u805a\u5408HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u7387<\/em><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">groups:  \r\n- name: http_requests_rules  \r\nrules:  \r\n- record: job:http_requests:success_rate  \r\nexpr: sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~&quot;2..&quot;}[5m])) \/ sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m]))  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u8de8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u878d\u5408\"><strong>3. \u8de8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u878d\u5408<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u6784\u5efa\u7edf\u4e00\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u5e73\u53f0<\/a>\uff0c\u9700\u5c06Prometheus\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08Loki\uff09\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff08Jaeger\uff09\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OpenTelemetry\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7OTLP\u534f\u8bae\u5c06Trace\u3001Metric\u3001Log\u7edf\u4e00\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Grafana\u7b49\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8054\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Thanos\u6216Cortex\u5c06Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u5982S3\uff09\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"4-\u544a\u8b66\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7f16\u6392\"><strong>4. \u544a\u8b66\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7f16\u6392<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u9608\u503c\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982<code>CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387 &gt; 80%<\/code>\uff09\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002<strong>\u8fdb\u9636\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u9608\u503c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus\u7684<code>predict_linear<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u96c6\u6210AI\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Prophet\uff09\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u6807\u8d8b\u52bf\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u9608\u503c\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u544a\u8b66\u5206\u7ea7\u8def\u7531<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Alertmanager\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e<code>route<\/code>\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6807\u7b7e\u5c06\u544a\u8b66\u5206\u6d3e\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u7406\u901a\u9053\uff08\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fae\u4fe1\u3001PagerDuty\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"\u5de5\u5177\u9009\u578b\u53c2\u8003\"><strong>\u5de5\u5177\u9009\u578b\u53c2\u8003<\/strong><\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<th>\u63a8\u8350\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n<th>\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0<\/td>\n<td>Prometheus Operator<\/td>\n<td>\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406Kubernetes\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/td>\n<td>Thanos\/Cortex<\/td>\n<td>\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8de8\u96c6\u7fa4\u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/td>\n<td>Grafana+Mimir<\/td>\n<td>\u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u667a\u80fd\u544a\u8b66<\/td>\n<td>Prometheus+Alertmanager+AI\u5f15\u64ce<\/td>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\u9608\u503c\u4e0e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4 id=\"\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b-\u7535\u5546\u5927\u4fc3\u76d1\u63a7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\"><strong>\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u7535\u5546\u5927\u4fc3\u76d1\u63a7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u67d0\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u5728&rdquo;\u53cc11&rdquo;\u671f\u95f4\u9762\u4e34\u6d41\u91cf\u7a81\u589e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u4fdd\u969c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5f39\u6027\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8ePrometheus\u7684<code>kube_pod_container_resource_limits<\/code>\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u89e6\u53d1HPA\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ec4\u91d1\u6307\u6807\u89c2\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49SLO\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u6210\u529f\u7387&gt;99.9%\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>grpc_server_handled_total<\/code>\u6307\u6807\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bef\u5dee\u9884\u7b97\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u538b\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u6210JMeter\u4e0ePrometheus\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u538b\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u5b9a\u4f4d\u74f6\u9888\u670d\u52a1\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357-\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u805a\u5408\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u6ee5\u7528Recording Rules\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b58\u50a8\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u4e1a\u52a1\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ffd\u89c6\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u672a\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u7b7e\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff08\u5982<code>env<\/code> vs 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