{"id":34961,"date":"2025-03-11T15:06:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T07:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34961"},"modified":"2025-03-11T15:06:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T07:06:21","slug":"ebpf%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87linux%e5%86%85%e6%a0%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%af%e8%a7%82%e6%b5%8b%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34961.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/JhgVw6.jpg\" alt=\"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347Linux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cLinux\u5185\u6838\u5982\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u810f\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u4e24\u5927\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u89c2\u6d4b\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\uff1b\u8981\u4e48\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u5c42\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u76f2\u4eba\u6478\u8c61\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u4e3e\u6b65\u7ef4\u8270\u3002\u76f4\u5230<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">eBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fce\u6765\u7a81\u7834\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u4fb5\u5165\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u96f6\u635f\u8017\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-ebpf-\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8303\u5f0f\">\u4e00\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">eBPF<\/a>\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8303\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>eBPF\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<strong>\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5185\u6838\u865a\u62df\u673a<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u56fa\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u63d2\u6869\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5165\u53e3\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u751a\u81f3\u4efb\u610f\u6307\u4ee4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u3002\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5185\u6838\u7684SystemTap\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u7684ftrace\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<strong>eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9759\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u56e0\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6280\u672f\u67b6\u6784\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Verifier\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u767e\u9879\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u754c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff08JIT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u539f\u751f\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u5185\u6838\u539f\u751f\u4ee3\u7801\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6620\u5c04\uff08Map\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba9eBPF\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u4e86<strong>\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\u4e09\u91cd\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u91cd\u6784\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8610\u500d\uff0c\u800cCPU\u6d88\u8017\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u76841\/3\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-\u56db\u7ef4\u7a81\u7834-ebpf\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u8def\u5f84\">\u4e8c\u3001\u56db\u7ef4\u7a81\u7834\uff1aeBPF\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u52a8\u6001\u63d2\u6869-\u89c2\u6d4b\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5e03\u63a7\">1. <strong>\u52a8\u6001\u63d2\u6869\uff1a\u89c2\u6d4b\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5e03\u63a7<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u5982perf\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u63d2\u6869\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u6d4b\u672a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7<strong>kprobe\/uprobe<\/strong>\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u6838\/\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u3002Cloudflare\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u66fe\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684<code>tcp_retransmit_skb<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u690d\u5165\u89c2\u6d4b\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e86\u8de8\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4e22\u5305\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u5c0f\u65f6\u7ea7\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5168\u666f\u89c2\u6d4b-\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u6355\u83b7\">2. <strong>\u5168\u666f\u89c2\u6d4b\uff1a\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u6355\u83b7<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6355\u83b7<strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\u7b49\u8de8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7ed3\u5408<code>tracepoint<\/code>\u548c<code>XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u3001IP\u5c42\u3001Socket\u5c42\uff09\u8fdb\u884c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0cDatadog\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5e73\u53f0\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8de8\u6570\u5343\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u96f6\u635f\u8017\u91c7\u6837-\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u5e73\u8861\">3. <strong>\u96f6\u635f\u8017\u91c7\u6837\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u5e73\u8861<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08Ring Buffer\uff09<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u6bcfCPU\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0ceBPF\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u9891\u7e41\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002Netflix\u7684BPF\u6027\u80fd\u56e2\u961f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u91c7\u96c6\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0ceBPF\u7684CPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4ec5\u4e3a0.8%\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u7c7b\u5de5\u5177\u666e\u904d\u8d85\u8fc75%\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u6301\u7eed\u89c2\u6d4b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e1a\u52a1SLA\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"4-\u667a\u80fd\u805a\u5408-\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6d77\u5578\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6676\">4. <strong>\u667a\u80fd\u805a\u5408\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6d77\u5578\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6676<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4fa7\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c<strong>\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u805a\u5408<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u5757\u8bbe\u5907IO\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684IOPS\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u767e\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u7b49\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4ec5\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u975e\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u81f3\u7528\u6237\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5355\u4e2a\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u6bcf\u79d2\u5904\u7406\u767e\u4e07\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002Google\u7684cgroupv2\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8d44\u6e90\u753b\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5b9e\u8df5\u6f14\u8fdb-ebpf\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u751f\u6001\u5168\u666f\">\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6f14\u8fdb\uff1aeBPF\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u751f\u6001\u5168\u666f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u5de5\u5177\u5df2\u6df1\u5ea6\u96c6\u6210eBPF\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad<\/strong>\uff1aCilium\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5c55\u793a\u8de8\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u8c03\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1aFalco\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u6355\u83b7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u9003\u9038\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ec5\u970050\u5fae\u79d2\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5256\u6790<\/strong>\uff1aBCC\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8c03\u5ea6\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684<code>runqlat<\/code>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1aFacebook\u7684Katran\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u5229\u7528eBPF\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u79d2\u5343\u4e07\u7ea7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u884c\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528eBPF\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\u5c55\u73b0\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6307\u6807<\/th>\n<th>\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848<\/th>\n<th>eBPF\u65b9\u6848<\/th>\n<th>\u63d0\u5347\u500d\u6570<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6545\u969c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<td>4.2\u5c0f\u65f6<\/td>\n<td>23\u5206\u949f<\/td>\n<td>11x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n<td>\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7<\/td>\n<td>1000x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017<\/td>\n<td>5-15%CPU<\/td>\n<td>0.5-2%CPU<\/td>\n<td>3-10x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u90e8\u7f72\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td>\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u672a\u6765-\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u4f53\u7cfb\">\u56db\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u5851\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u7684\u74f6\u9888\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u6027\u9700\u8981Linux 4.16+\u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f00\u53d1\u95e8\u69db\u8f83\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u638c\u63e1\u5185\u6838\u539f\u7406\u548ceBPF\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\n<\/li>\n<li>**<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0cLinux\u5185\u6838\u5982\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u810f\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u4e24\u5927\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u89c2\u6d4b\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\u6602\uff1b\u8981\u4e48\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9650\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u83b7\u53d6\u8868\u5c42\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5173\u952e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u76f2\u4eba\u6478\u8c61\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u65f6\u4e3e\u6b65\u7ef4\u8270\u3002\u76f4\u5230eBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fce\u6765\u7a81\u7834\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u4fb5\u5165\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u96f6\u635f\u8017\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u4e00\u3001eBPF\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u6838\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8303\u5f0f eBPF\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5185\u6838\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u7f16\u5199\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u79f0\u4e3aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u6d4b\u5de5\u5177\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u56fa\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u63d2\u6869\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5165\u53e3\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u751a\u81f3\u4efb\u610f\u6307\u4ee4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u89c2\u6d4b\u70b9\u3002\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5185\u6838\u7684SystemTap\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u7684ftrace\u4e0d\u540c\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9759\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u56e0\u89c2\u6d4b\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002 \u5176\u6280\u672f\u67b6\u6784\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1a \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Verifier\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u767e\u9879\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5faa\u73af\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u8d8a\u754c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49 \u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff08JIT\uff09\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u539f\u751f\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u5185\u6838\u539f\u751f\u4ee3\u7801 \u6620\u5c04\uff08Map\uff09\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 \u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba9eBPF\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e09\u91cd\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u91cd\u6784\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u4e8610\u500d\uff0c\u800cCPU\u6d88\u8017\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u76841\/3\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u56db\u7ef4\u7a81\u7834\uff1aeBPF\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u8def\u5f84 1. \u52a8\u6001\u63d2\u6869\uff1a\u89c2\u6d4b\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5e03\u63a7 \u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u5982perf\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u63d2\u6869\u70b9\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u89c2\u6d4b\u672a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7kprobe\/uprobe\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u5185\u6838\/\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9\u3002Cloudflare\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u66fe\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684tcp_retransmit_skb\u51fd\u6570\u690d\u5165\u89c2\u6d4b\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e86\u8de8\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4e22\u5305\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u5c0f\u65f6\u7ea7\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u5206\u949f\u7ea7\u3002 2. \u5168\u666f\u89c2\u6d4b\uff1a\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u6355\u83b7 eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6355\u83b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u8de8\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7ed3\u5408tracepoint\u548cXDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u3001IP\u5c42\u3001Socket\u5c42\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0cDatadog\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u5e73\u53f0\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8de8\u6570\u5343\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5206\u6790\u3002 3. \u96f6\u635f\u8017\u91c7\u6837\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u5e73\u8861 \u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08Ring 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