{"id":34991,"date":"2025-03-11T15:09:58","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T07:09:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=34991"},"modified":"2025-03-11T15:09:58","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T07:09:58","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%a9%e7%94%a8ebpf%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%8c%85%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%87%e6%bb%a4%e5%92%8c%e9%87%8d%e5%ae%9a%e5%90%91%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/34991.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528eBPF\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/WR51wH9.jpg\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528eBPF\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982iptables\u6216\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">eBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">eBPF<\/a>\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-ebpf-\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001eBPF\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>eBPF\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5de5\u5177BPF\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005<strong>\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u6216\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u6c99\u76d2\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Verifier\uff09\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u539f\u751f\u673a\u5668\u7801\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u786c\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong>\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u573a\u666f\uff08\u59825G\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5c24\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-ebpf\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001eBPF\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f<strong>\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u7b5b\u9009\u6216\u4e22\u5f03\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/strong>\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4f9d\u8d56\u94fe\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u5b9a\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\"><strong>1. \u8fc7\u6ee4\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u94fe<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u652f\u6301<strong>\u7ebf\u901f\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/strong>\uff08\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5168\u5e26\u5bbd\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>TC\uff08Traffic Control\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u62e6\u622a\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u9700\u6c42\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709UDP\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">SEC(&quot;xdp_drop_udp&quot;)  \r\nint xdp_drop_udp_prog(struct xdp_md *ctx) {  \r\nvoid *data = (void *)(long)ctx-&gt;data;  \r\nvoid *data_end = (void *)(long)ctx-&gt;data_end;  \r\nstruct ethhdr *eth = data;  \r\nif (data + sizeof(*eth) &gt; data_end) return XDP_PASS;  \r\n  \r\nif (eth-&gt;h_proto == htons(ETH_P_IP)) {  \r\nstruct iphdr *ip = data + sizeof(*eth);  \r\nif ((void *)ip + sizeof(*ip) &gt; data_end) return XDP_PASS;  \r\nif (ip-&gt;protocol == IPPROTO_UDP) {  \r\nreturn XDP_DROP; \/\/ \u4e22\u5f03UDP\u5305  \r\n}  \r\n}  \r\nreturn XDP_PASS;  \r\n}  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u65b0\"><strong>2. \u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u6620\u5c04\uff08Map\uff09\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u6ee4\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u62e6\u622a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5217\u8868\u5b58\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u8be5\u8868\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u653e\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u6574\u7b56\u7565\u7684<strong>\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5b89\u5168\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-ebpf\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6280\u672f\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001eBPF\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5305\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u96a7\u9053\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u65c1\u8def\u76d1\u63a7\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u57fa\u4e8e-bpf-redirect-\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\"><strong>1. \u57fa\u4e8e<code>bpf_redirect()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u6216\u7528\u6237\u6001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528<code>bpf_redirect(ifindex, 0)<\/code>\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u5bfc\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u7ed5\u5f00\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u4e9a\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u53d1\"><strong>2. \u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8de8\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u53d1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728Kubernetes\u7b49\u5bb9\u5668\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0Pod\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u6e90\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u5361\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f20\u7edfOVS\uff08Open vSwitch\uff09\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u8c03\u7528\uff08Tail Call\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ea7\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5219\u8868  \r\nstruct {  \r\n__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY);  \r\n__uint(key_size, sizeof(u32));  \r\n__uint(value_size, sizeof(u32));  \r\n__uint(max_entries, 256);  \r\n} redirect_map SEC(&quot;.maps&quot;);  \r\n  \r\nSEC(&quot;xdp_redirect&quot;)  \r\nint xdp_redirect_prog(struct xdp_md *ctx) {  \r\nu32 key = 0;  \r\n\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\u7279\u5f81\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u7a0b\u5e8f  \r\nbpf_tail_call(ctx, &amp;redirect_map, key);  \r\nreturn XDP_PASS;  \r\n}  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b-\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u62e6\u622a\u5668\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u62e6\u622a\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u7ed3\u5408\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u80fd\u529b\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0<strong>\u52a8\u6001\u6d41\u91cf\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>DDoS\u9632\u5fa1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728XDP\u5c42\u7edf\u8ba1SYN\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u62e6\u622a\u5f02\u5e38IP\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u52a0\u901f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed5\u8fc7iptables\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6d41\u91cf\u8f6c\u53d1\u81f3Envoy Sidecar\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u534f\u8bae\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u5982HTTP\/2\uff09\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u955c\u50cf\u5230\u76d1\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0cCilium\u9879\u76ee\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u66ff\u4ee3kube-proxy\uff0c\u5c06Service\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u903b\u8f91\u4e0b\u6c89\u5230\u5185\u6838\u5c42\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8650%\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u6280\u672f\u6f5c\u529b\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4ecd\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206eBPF\u7279\u6027\u9700\u8981Linux 4.x\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u8bd5\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u501f\u52a9<code>bpftool<\/code>\u6216BCC\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u66b4\u9732\u5185\u6838\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u968f\u7740eBPF\u751f\u6001\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\uff08\u5982CO-RE\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8bd1\u5230\u5904\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a<strong>\u4e91\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\u4e09\u5927\u9886\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00 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