{"id":35272,"date":"2025-03-19T09:32:16","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T01:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=35272"},"modified":"2025-03-19T09:32:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T01:32:16","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e8%99%9a%e6%8b%9f%e6%9c%ba%e7%9a%84%e8%b5%84%e6%ba%90%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/35272.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/5w7QW83Z7.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u5316\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1aIT\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u865a\u62df\u673a\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3002<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u5957<strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u6307\u6807\u5206\u6790\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u52a9\u60a8\u4ece\u88ab\u52a8\u6551\u706b\u8f6c\u5411\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u673a\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff1f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u8981\u8986\u76d6CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Zabbix\u3001Nagios\uff09\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u5316\u3001\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u9762\u4e34\u914d\u7f6e\u590d\u6742\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<strong>Prometheus\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6309\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec4\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u805a\u5408\u6570\u636e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pull\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u62c9\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u9002\u914d\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\u73af\u5883\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00PromQL<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u5bb9\u91cf\u74f6\u9888\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0eKubernetes\u751f\u6001\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u6df7\u5408\u4e91\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<strong>Prometheus\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5386\u53f2CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4f55\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u7a81\u589e\uff0c\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5b58\u50a8\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-\u642d\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u642d\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u90e8\u7f72prometheus-server\"><strong>1. \u90e8\u7f72Prometheus Server<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Prometheus\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5305\u3001Docker\u5bb9\u5668\u6216Kubernetes Operator\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u5e76\u89e3\u538b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u7f16\u8f91<code>prometheus.yml<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\uff08Scrape Targets\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'vm-monitoring'  \r\nstatic_configs:  \r\n- targets: ['192.168.1.10:9100', '192.168.1.11:9100']  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u5904\u5047\u8bbe\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u66b4\u9732\u4e86Node Exporter\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e39100\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5node-exporter\"><strong>2. \u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5Node Exporter<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Node Exporter<\/strong>\u662fPrometheus\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e3b\u673a\u7ea7\u6307\u6807\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5728Linux\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">wget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter\/releases\/download\/v1.3.1\/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz  \r\ntar xvfz node_exporter-*.tar.gz  \r\ncd node_exporter-*\/ &amp;&amp; .\/node_exporter  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Node Exporter\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u767e\u9879\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CPU<\/strong>\uff1a<code>node_cpu_seconds_total<\/code>\uff08\u6309\u6a21\u5f0f\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684CPU\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a<code>node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes<\/code>\uff08\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u78c1\u76d8<\/strong>\uff1a<code>node_disk_io_time_seconds_total<\/code>\uff08\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u8017\u65f6\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff1a<code>node_network_receive_bytes_total<\/code>\uff08\u63a5\u6536\u6d41\u91cf\uff09\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eWindows\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528WMI Exporter\u66ff\u4ee3Node Exporter\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u6807\u6293\u53d6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u4f18\u5316\"><strong>3. \u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u6807\u6293\u53d6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Prometheus\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6bcf15\u79d2\u6293\u53d6\u4e00\u6b21\u6307\u6807\u3002\u82e5\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>scrape_interval<\/code>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><code>storage.tsdb.retention.time<\/code>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\u5468\u671f\uff08\u901a\u5e387~30\u5929\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<strong>Remote Write<\/strong>\u529f\u80fd\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u81f3InfluxDB\u6216AWS Timestream\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u6ce8\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d85\u8fc71000\u53f0\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528Thanos\u6216Cortex\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\"><strong>1. \u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CPU\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u901a\u8fc7PromQL\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u53f0\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=&quot;idle&quot;}[5m])) * 100)  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u7ed3\u5408\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4e0eSwap\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) \/ node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u78c1\u76d8\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a<br \/>\n\u76d1\u63a7\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">predict_linear(node_filesystem_free_bytes{device!~&quot;tmpfs&quot;}[6h], 3600*24*7)  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\"><strong>2. \u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<strong>Grafana<\/strong>\u96c6\u6210Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/grafana.com\/grafana\/dashboards\/1860\" target=\"_blank\">Node Exporter Full Dashboard<\/a>\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u677f\u5df2\u9884\u7f6eCPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7<\/em>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<strong>Heatmap\u9762\u677f<\/strong>\u5c55\u793a\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u5206\u5e03\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7<strong>Annotations\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u6807\u8bb0\u865a\u62df\u673a\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u8865\u4e01\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u4e1a\u52a1\u865a\u62df\u673a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9762\u677f\u7ec4\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u81ea\u6108\"><strong>\u56db\u3001\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u81ea\u6108<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u5b9a\u4e49\u667a\u80fd\u544a\u8b66\u7b56\u7565\"><strong>1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u667a\u80fd\u544a\u8b66\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728<code>prometheus.yml<\/code>\u7684\u540c\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa<code>alerts.yml<\/code>\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u9608\u503c\u7c7b\u544a\u8b66\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">groups:  \r\n- name: vm-alerts  \r\nrules:  \r\n- alert: HighCPUUsage  \r\nexpr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=&quot;idle&quot;}[5m])) * 100) &gt; 85  \r\nfor: 10m  \r\nlabels:  \r\nseverity: warning  \r\nannotations:  \r\nsummary: &quot;{{ $labels.instance }} CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d85\u8fc785%&quot;  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6e10\u8fdb\u5f0f\u544a\u8b66\uff08\u5982\u8fde\u7eed3\u6b21\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u5219\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u7d27\u6025\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5bf9\u63a5\u544a\u8b66\u7ba1\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\"><strong>2. 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