{"id":35729,"date":"2025-03-19T10:30:18","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T02:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=35729"},"modified":"2025-03-19T10:30:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T02:30:18","slug":"ebpf%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%ab%98%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%8c%85%e8%bf%87%e6%bb%a4%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/35729.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u672f\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5f53\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4ee3\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9677\u5165\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u800ceBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u628a\u624b\u672f\u5200\u822c\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u5207\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u75db\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027<\/strong>\u4e0e\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u62c6\u89e3eBPF<\/a>\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u67b6\u6784\u7a81\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001eBPF\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u4ece\u201c\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u201d\u5230\u201c\u6267\u884c\u8005\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982iptables\uff09\u4f9d\u8d56\u9759\u6001\u89c4\u5219\u94fe<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5339\u914d\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u6570\u91cf\u6fc0\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6027\u80fd\u65ad\u5d16\u5f0f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

eBPF\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u52a8\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u540e\uff0ceBPF\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6076\u610fIP\u7684eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6bd4\u5bf9<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7bpf_map<\/code>\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728100\u4e07\u6761\u8fc7\u6ee4\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u6bd4iptables\u9ad8\u51fa4-5\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u81f3\u51761\/10\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u80fd\u98de\u8dc3\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u4e24\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\uff08JIT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06eBPF\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7801\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH<\/code>\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u4ea4\u4e92\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\uff1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5229\u5668<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u590d\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u518d\u7ecf\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u4f20\u9012\u81f3\u7528\u6237\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u5de5\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u572810Gbps\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n

    eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08Zero-Copy\uff09\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c1a\u672a\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5373\u53ef\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u7684SHIV\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528XDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6bcf\u79d24000\u4e07\u6b21DDoS\u653b\u51fb\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • Socket Filter<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbesocket\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u573a\u666f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u67d0\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u542f\u7528XDP\u540e\uff0cTCP SYN Flood\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u81f399.8%\uff0c\u800cCPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4e0b\u964d60%\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a\u9c7c\u4e0e\u718a\u638c\u517c\u5f97<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      eBPF\u7684\u6c99\u7bb1\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5176\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4f1a\u9759\u6001\u5206\u6790\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u7981\u6b62\u5faa\u73af\uff08\u9664\u975e\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8fb9\u754c\uff09\n<\/li>\n
      • \u9650\u5236\u6700\u5927\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\uff08\u6700\u521d\u4e3a4096\u6761\uff09\n<\/li>\n
      • \u5f3a\u5236\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u68c0\u67e5\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCilium\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684Kubernetes\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

        SEC("ingress")  \r\nint handle_ingress(struct xdp_md *ctx) {  \r\nstruct ethhdr *eth = ctx->data;  \r\nif (eth->h_proto != htons(ETH_P_IP)) return XDP_PASS;  \r\n  \r\nstruct iphdr *ip = (void*)(eth + 1);  \r\n__u32 src_ip = ip->saddr;  \r\n  \r\n\/\/ \u67e5\u8be2BPF map\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5IP  \r\nif (bpf_map_lookup_elem(&allowed_ips, &src_ip))  \r\nreturn XDP_PASS;  \r\nelse  \r\nreturn XDP_DROP;  \r\n}  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u65bdIP\u767d\u540d\u5355\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e14\u89c4\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0ebpf_map<\/code>\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5b9e\u65f6\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
        \u56db\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d\uff1a\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u80fd\u6781\u9650\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ad9<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \u5f53\u5355\u6838\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u9650\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u786c\u4ef6\u8981\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8d8b\u52bf\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. SmartNIC\u5378\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3aNetronome Agilio\u6216NVIDIA BlueField DPU\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002AWS Nitro\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        2. CPU\u6307\u4ee4\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1aIntel\u7684AF_XDP\u6280\u672f\u7ed3\u5408DDIO\uff08Direct Data I\/O\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165CPU\u7f13\u5b58\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684DDR\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u67d0\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6848\u4f8b\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d\uff0c\u671f\u6743\u62a5\u4ef7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece15\u5fae\u79d2\u964d\u81f33\u5fae\u79d2\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u4ea4\u6613\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u53476\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n
          \n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1aeBPF\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1aLyft\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\u66ff\u4ee3iptables\uff0c\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\u7684P99\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece100ms\u964d\u81f310ms\u4ee5\u4e0b\n<\/li>\n
          2. DDoS\u9632\u5fa1<\/strong>\uff1aCloudflare\u57fa\u4e8eXDP\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5355\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u5904\u7406200Gbps\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u91cf\n<\/li>\n
          3. \u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aPixie\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u6355\u83b7Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u76d1\u63a7\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u5185\u6838\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u63a8\u5411\u786c\u4ef6\u6781\u9650<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u638c\u63e1eBPF\u610f\u5473\u7740\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u8d85\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9a\u5236\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
            \n
            \u6ce8\uff1a\u6587\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea2023\u5e74Linux\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u516c\u5f00\u7684eBPF\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u53ca\u77e5\u540d\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e3a64\u6838CPU\/100G NIC\u7684\u7269\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u672f\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u9732\u51fa\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5f53\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4ee3\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9677\u5165\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u800ceBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet 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