{"id":35759,"date":"2025-03-19T10:34:01","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T02:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=35759"},"modified":"2025-03-19T10:34:01","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T02:34:01","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%af%b9web%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/35759.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/vZ9xpm77v.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8d85\u8fc73\u79d2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f440%\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6d41\u5931\uff1b\u4e00\u6b21\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7684\u8425\u6536\u84b8\u53d1\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u50cf\u201c\u5148\u77e5\u201d\u822c\u9884\u5224\u7cfb\u7edf\u9690\u60a3\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6355\u6349\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\uff1f<strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6807\u6746\u5de5\u5177\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u8303\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u56db\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u6253\u901a\u76d1\u63a7\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4ee3\u7801\u7ea7\u6307\u6807\u5230\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ea7KPI\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u89c2\u6d4b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\">\u4e00\u3001<strong>Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cPrometheus\u91c7\u7528<strong>Pull\uff08\u62c9\u53d6\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\u4e3b\u52a8\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Exporter\uff08\u6307\u6807\u66b4\u9732\u5668\uff09<\/strong>:<br \/>\nWeb\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210<em>Node Exporter<\/em>\u3001*Blackbox Exporter*\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49SDK\uff0c\u5c06HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001JVM\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u4ee5\/metrics\u63a5\u53e3\u66b4\u9732\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSpring Boot\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7<code>micrometer-registry-prometheus<\/code>\u5e93\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7aef\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Prometheus Server\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5f15\u64ce\uff09<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6293\u53d6Exporter\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08TSDB\uff09\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<code>prometheus.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6293\u53d6\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'webapp'  \r\nmetrics_path: '\/actuator\/prometheus'  \r\nstatic_configs:  \r\n- targets: ['192.168.1.10:8080']  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Alertmanager\uff08\u544a\u8b66\u4e2d\u67a2\uff09<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u57fa\u4e8ePromQL\uff08\u5982<code>http_requests_total{status=&quot;500&quot;} &gt; 10<\/code>\uff09\u89e6\u53d1\u9608\u503c\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u544a\u8b66\u98ce\u66b4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Grafana\uff08\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5e73\u53f0\uff09<\/strong>:<br \/>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u7f6e\u7684Dashboard\u6a21\u677f\uff08\u5982ID\uff1a11074\uff09\u5c55\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3001P99\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0b\u94bb\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5230\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u7684\u5168\u6808\u76d1\u63a7\u5b9e\u8df5\">\u4e8c\u3001<strong>\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5230\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u7684\u5168\u6808\u76d1\u63a7\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76d1\u63a7-\u6784\u5efa\u57fa\u7ebf\u6c34\u4f4d\">1. \u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u57fa\u7ebf\u6c34\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Node Exporter\u91c7\u96c6CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8IO\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u786c\u4ef6\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53<code>node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes &lt; 2GB<\/code>\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u544a\u8b66\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a2\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1aBlackbox Exporter\u5bf9Web\u670d\u52a1\u7684HTTP\/HTTPS\u7aef\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\u95f4\uff08<code>probe_dns_lookup_time_seconds<\/code>\uff09\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5e94\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7-\u7a7f\u900f\u4ee3\u7801\u9ed1\u76d2\">2. \u5e94\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u7a7f\u900f\u4ee3\u7801\u9ed1\u76d2<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>JVM\u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eJava\u5e94\u7528\uff0cMicrometer\u66b4\u9732\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff08<code>jvm_memory_used_bytes<\/code>\uff09\u3001GC\u6682\u505c\u65f6\u95f4\uff08<code>jvm_gc_pause_seconds_max<\/code>\uff09\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>HTTP\u6d41\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cf\uff08<code>http_requests_total<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff08<code>rate(http_requests_total{status=~&quot;5..&quot;}[5m])<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408Histogram\u7c7b\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ea7\u76d1\u63a7-\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\">3. \u4e1a\u52a1\u7ea7\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6838\u5fc3\u4e8b\u52a1\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8ba2\u5355\u652f\u4ed8\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u94fe\u8def\u57cb\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<code>order_payment_success_total<\/code>\u4e0e<code>order_payment_failed_total<\/code>\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u5316\u7387\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ec4\u91d1\u6307\u6807\u4f53\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u91c7\u7528Google SRE\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u5927\u7ef4\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u6d41\u91cf\uff08Traffic\uff09\u3001\u9519\u8bef\uff08Errors\uff09\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff08Latency\uff09\u3001\u9971\u548c\u5ea6\uff08Saturation\uff09\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5065\u5eb7\u5ea6\u8bc4\u5206\u5361\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u529f\u80fd-\u52a8\u6001\u6293\u53d6\u4e0e\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5173\u8054\">\u4e09\u3001<strong>\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u6293\u53d6\u4e0e\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5173\u8054<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u52a8\u6001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\">1. \u52a8\u6001\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728Kubernetes\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>kubernetes_sd_configs<\/code>\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0Pod\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u624b\u52a8\u7ef4\u62a4IP\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u76d1\u63a7\u6eda\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">sum(rate(http_requests_total{app=&quot;frontend&quot;, image_tag!=&quot;v1.2.3&quot;}[5m]))  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"2-promql\u9ad8\u9636\u5206\u6790\">2. PromQL\u9ad8\u9636\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u6307\u6807\u5173\u8054<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08<code>error_logs_count<\/code>\uff09\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff08<code>db_connections_active<\/code>\uff09\u8054\u52a8\u5206\u6790\u6839\u56e0\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u544a\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>predict_linear()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u9884\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d87\u5929\u540e\u7206\u6ee1\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">predict_linear(node_filesystem_free_bytes[6h], 7*86400) &lt; 0  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u96c6\u7fa4\">3. \u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u96c6\u7fa4<\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7Thanos\u6216Cortex\u5b9e\u73b0\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u5f52\u6863\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u96c6\u7fa4\u805a\u5408\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u767b\u5f55\u8017\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">avg_over_time(login_duration_seconds{region=&quot;us-west&quot;}[30d])  \r\nvs  \r\navg_over_time(login_duration_seconds{region=&quot;eu-central&quot;}[30d])  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357-\u90e8\u7f72\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7b56\u7565\">\u56db\u3001<strong>\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u90e8\u7f72\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6307\u6807\u57fa\u6570\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><br \/>\n\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u57fa\u6570\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u5982user_id\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7<code>honor_labels<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u5408\u5e76\u91cd\u590d\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5b58\u50a8\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6293\u53d6\u9891\u7387\u5e73\u8861<\/strong><br \/>\n\u9ad8\u9891\u6293\u53d6\uff08\u598215s\uff09\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f4e\u9891\uff081m\uff09\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>scrape_interval<\/code>\u5206Job\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>TSDB\u538b\u7f29\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8c03\u6574<code>--storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d<\/code>\u4e0e<code>--storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u5206\u5c42<\/strong><br \/>\n\u533a\u5206P0\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff09\u4e0eP2\uff08\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u8b66\uff09\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<code>group_wait<\/code>\u548c<code>repeat_interval<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa<\/strong><br \/>\n\u542f\u7528TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u6293\u53d6\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>basic_auth<\/code>\u6216Bearer Token\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u4ece\u76d1\u63a7\u5230\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027-\u96c6\u6210\u751f\u6001\u6269\u5c55\">\u4e94\u3001<strong>\u4ece\u76d1\u63a7\u5230\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\uff1a\u96c6\u6210\u751f\u6001\u6269\u5c55<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8054\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">OpenTelemetry<\/a>\u5c06Prometheus\u6307\u6807\u4e0eJaeger Trace\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6307\u6807\u5f02\u5e38\u2192\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8865\u5145<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Grafana Loki\u4e2d\u5173\u8054Error\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684CPU\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6545\u969c\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4fee\u590d\u89e6\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230API\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u7a81\u589e\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Webhook\u89e6\u53d1Kubernetes 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