{"id":35934,"date":"2025-03-26T13:56:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T05:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=35934"},"modified":"2025-03-26T13:56:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T05:56:46","slug":"prometheus%e7%9a%84alertmanager%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/35934.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u7684Alertmanager\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/62de6o1AnT.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u7684Alertmanager\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3010\u524d\u8a00\u3011<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u540c\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u611f\u77e5\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u51c6\u8bc6\u522b\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u907f\u514d&rdquo;\u544a\u8b66\u98ce\u66b4&rdquo;\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u9ad8\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\uff1f\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a> Alertmanager<\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u751f\u6001\u4e2d\u544a\u8b66\u5904\u7406\u7684&rdquo;\u667a\u80fd\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5fc3&rdquo;\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u544a\u8b66\u566a\u97f3\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u901a\u77e5\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6df7\u4e71\u7b49\u75db\u70b9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u62c6\u89e3\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u6d41\u53d8\u5f97\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-alertmanager\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\"><strong>\u4e00\u3001Alertmanager\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Prometheus\u672c\u8eab\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6210\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5de5\u624d\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<strong>Alertmanager<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u544a\u8b66\u7684<strong>\u805a\u5408\u3001\u8def\u7531\u3001\u9759\u9ed8\u4e0e\u901a\u77e5<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u964d\u566a\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u7ec4\uff08Grouping\uff09\u5c06\u540c\u7c7b\u544a\u8b66\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u901a\u77e5\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u667a\u80fd\u8def\u7531<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Labels\uff09\u5c06\u544a\u8b66\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\uff08\u5982\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001Slack\u3001PagerDuty\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u9759\u9ed8\uff08Silences\uff09\u3001\u6291\u5236\uff08Inhibition\uff09\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6b21\u8981\u544a\u8b66\u6df9\u6ca1\u5173\u952e\u8b66\u62a5\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-alertmanager\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u62c6\u89e3\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001Alertmanager\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u62c6\u89e3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u544a\u8b66\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\"><strong>1. \u544a\u8b66\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5316<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53Prometheus Server\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u89e6\u53d1\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6307\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>Alert\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u542b<code>alertname<\/code>\u3001<code>severity<\/code>\u3001<code>instance<\/code>\u7b49\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u544a\u8b66\u901a\u8fc7HTTP API\u53d1\u9001\u81f3Alertmanager\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0cAlertmanager\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6b65\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u6548\u6216\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5206\u7ec4-grouping-\u5316\u96f6\u4e3a\u6574\"><strong>2. \u5206\u7ec4\uff08Grouping\uff09\uff1a\u5316\u96f6\u4e3a\u6574<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d10\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u5b95\u673a\uff0c\u82e5\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u900110\u6761\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4fe1\u606f\u6df9\u6ca1\u3002Alertmanager\u7684<strong>\u5206\u7ec4\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u5339\u914d\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u5982<code>cluster=A<\/code>\u3001<code>alertname=NodeDown<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u8def\u7531-routing-\u7cbe\u51c6\u5206\u53d1\"><strong>3. \u8def\u7531\uff08Routing\uff09\uff1a\u7cbe\u51c6\u5206\u53d1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u8def\u7531\u6811\uff08Route Tree\uff09<\/strong>\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u544a\u8b66\u53ef\u6309\u6807\u7b7e\u8def\u7531\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6807\u7b7e<code>severity=critical<\/code>\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u53d1\u9001\u81f3\u503c\u73ed\u7535\u8bdd\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6807\u7b7e<code>team=frontend<\/code>\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u524d\u7aef\u56e2\u961f\u7684Slack\u9891\u9053\u3002<br \/>\n\u8def\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7f6e<strong>\u5b50\u8def\u7531<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ea7\u5206\u53d1\u903b\u8f91\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"4-\u6291\u5236-inhibition-\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63a7\u5236\"><strong>4. \u6291\u5236\uff08Inhibition\uff09\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u544a\u8b66\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u5c4f\u853d\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u76f8\u5173\u544a\u8b66\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5<code>alertname=ClusterUnavailable<\/code>\u5df2\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u5219\u6291\u5236\u540c\u4e00\u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u7684<code>NodeDown<\/code>\u544a\u8b66\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u907f\u514d\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u884d\u751f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5e72\u6270\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"5-\u9759\u9ed8-silences-\u4e34\u65f6\u5c4f\u853d\"><strong>5. \u9759\u9ed8\uff08Silences\uff09\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u5c4f\u853d<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u7ef4\u62a4\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u9759\u9ed8\u89c4\u5219\u4e34\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u7279\u5b9a\u544a\u8b66\u3002\u9759\u9ed8\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"6-\u901a\u77e5\u6a21\u677f-templating-\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u5c55\u793a\"><strong>6. \u901a\u77e5\u6a21\u677f\uff08Templating\uff09\uff1a\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u5c55\u793a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Alertmanager\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u901a\u77e5\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u544a\u8b66\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u56fe\u8868\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6839\u636e\u544a\u8b66\u7ea7\u522b\u6539\u53d8\u989c\u8272\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u89e3\u6790-\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\"><strong>1. \u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">route:  \r\nreceiver: 'default-receiver'  \r\ngroup_by: ['alertname', 'cluster']  \r\nroutes:  \r\n- match:  \r\nseverity: critical  \r\nreceiver: 'pager-team'  \r\n- match_re:  \r\nteam: (frontend|backend)  \r\nreceiver: 'slack-notify'  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>group_by<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5206\u7ec4\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u76f8\u540c<code>alertname<\/code>\u548c<code>cluster<\/code>\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5c06\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><code>match<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u7cbe\u786e\u6807\u7b7e\u5339\u914d\uff0c<code>match_re<\/code>\u652f\u6301\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u4f1a\u7531<code>default-receiver<\/code>\u5904\u7406\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u6291\u5236\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u8ba1\"><strong>2. \u6291\u5236\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">inhibit_rules:  \r\n- source_match:  \r\nseverity: 'critical'  \r\ntarget_match:  \r\nseverity: 'warning'  \r\nequal: ['cluster', 'alertname']  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5f53\u540c\u4e00\u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u5b58\u5728<code>severity=critical<\/code>\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u540c\u96c6\u7fa4\u3001\u540c\u544a\u8b66\u540d\u79f0\u7684<code>severity=warning<\/code>\u544a\u8b66\u5c06\u88ab\u6291\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-alertmanager\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u5de7\"><strong>\u56db\u3001Alertmanager\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u5de7<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u544a\u8b66\u5206\u7ea7\u4e0e\u9ec4\u91d1\u6307\u6807\"><strong>1. \u544a\u8b66\u5206\u7ea7\u4e0e\u9ec4\u91d1\u6307\u6807<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9075\u5faa<strong>USE\uff08Utilization\u3001Saturation\u3001Errors\uff09<\/strong>\u548c<strong>RED\uff08Rate\u3001Errors\u3001Duration\uff09<\/strong>\u539f\u5219\u5b9a\u4e49\u544a\u8b66\u7b49\u7ea7\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5c06\u4e1a\u52a1\u6307\u6807\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u5931\u8d25\u7387\uff09\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6307\u6807\uff08CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\uff09\u5206\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9759\u9ed8\u7684\u9677\u9631\"><strong>2. \u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u9759\u9ed8\u7684\u9677\u9631<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff08Annotations\uff09<\/strong>\u8bb0\u5f55\u9759\u9ed8\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u4eba\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u9759\u9ed8\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u9632\u6b62&rdquo;\u9759\u9ed8\u8513\u5ef6&rdquo;\u63a9\u76d6\u771f\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210\"><strong>3. \u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7Webhook\u5c06\u544a\u8b66\u63a8\u9001\u81f3CMDB\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u8054\u6545\u969c\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408ChatOps\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Mattermost\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u544a\u8b66\u8ba4\u9886\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e94-\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6392\u67e5\u6307\u5357\"><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6392\u67e5\u6307\u5357<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Q\uff1a\u544a\u8b66\u672a\u6309\u9884\u671f\u8def\u7531<\/strong><br \/>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u7531\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5339\u914d\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u4f18\u5148\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>amtool<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Q\uff1a\u901a\u77e5\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8fc7\u9ad8<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8c03\u6574<code>group_wait<\/code>\uff08\u521d\u59cb\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u548c<code>group_interval<\/code>\uff08\u7ec4\u5185\u65b0\u544a\u8b66\u53d1\u9001\u95f4\u9694\uff09\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u53ca\u65f6\u6027\u4e0e\u5206\u7ec4\u6548\u679c\u3002\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Q\uff1a\u9759\u9ed8\u89c4\u5219\u5931\u6548<\/strong><br \/>\n\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7UI\u754c\u9762\u9884\u89c8\u9759\u9ed8\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u5217\u8868\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 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