{"id":35955,"date":"2025-03-26T13:59:19","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T05:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=35955"},"modified":"2025-03-26T13:59:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T05:59:19","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%b8%8egrafana%e9%9b%86%e6%88%90%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%8f%af%e8%a7%86%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/35955.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u4e0eGrafana\u96c6\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/5pZs5.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u4e0eGrafana\u96c6\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"\u524d\u6cbf-\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e2d\u63d0\u70bc\u4ef7\u503c\">\u524d\u6cbf\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e2d\u63d0\u70bc\u4ef7\u503c<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u63d0\u53d6\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5e76\u5448\u73b0\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u4e0e<strong>Grafana<\/strong>\u8fd9\u5bf9\u9ec4\u91d1\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6240\u5728\u2014\u2014\u524d\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6807\u51c6\u201d\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65f6\u544a\u8b66\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u201c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u89c6\u89d2\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u8ba9\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u8ff9\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7<strong>\u4e09\u6b65\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9prometheus-grafana\">\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>+Grafana\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u96c6\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u3002<strong>Prometheus<\/strong>\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Metric\u540d\u79f0+\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Label\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u63cf\u8ff0\u76d1\u63a7\u5bf9\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u76d1\u63a7\u573a\u666f\u4f18\u5316\u7684TSDB\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u805a\u5408\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1aAlertmanager\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ea7\u901a\u77e5\u8def\u7531\u4e0e\u9759\u9ed8\u7b56\u7565\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u800c<strong>Grafana<\/strong>\u7684\u5f3a\u9879\u5219\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6a21\u677f\u751f\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b98\u65b9\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b3000+\u9884\u7f6e\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\uff0c\u8986\u76d6Kubernetes\u3001MySQL\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\uff1a\u9664Prometheus\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5Graphite\u3001InfluxDB\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Variables\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u677f\u7ea7\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u95ed\u73af\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-\u96c6\u6210\u5b9e\u8df5-\u56db\u6b65\u642d\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb\">\u4e8c\u3001\u96c6\u6210\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u56db\u6b65\u642d\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa41-\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90e8\u7f72\">\u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90e8\u7f72<\/h4>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u90e8\u7f72Prometheus\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e39090\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u786e\u4fddGrafana\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u5feb\u901f\u542f\u52a8Grafana\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">docker run -d --name=grafana -p 3000:3000 grafana\/grafana-enterprise  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee<code>http:\/\/localhost:3000<\/code>\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d26\u53f7admin\/admin\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u5efa\u8bae\u7acb\u5373\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5173\u952e\u914d\u7f6e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prometheus\u7684<code>scrape_configs<\/code>\u9700\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u5982Node Exporter\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7<code>http:\/\/prometheus:9090\/targets<\/code>\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709Job\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aUP\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa42-\u6dfb\u52a0prometheus\u6570\u636e\u6e90\">\u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728Grafana\u754c\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5de6\u4fa7\u83dc\u5355\u8fdb\u5165<strong>Configuration &gt; Data Sources<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u70b9\u51fb<strong>Add data source<\/strong>\uff0c\u9009\u62e9Prometheus\u7c7b\u578b\n<\/li>\n<li>\u586b\u5199URL\uff08\u5982<code>http:\/\/prometheus:9090<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5f00\u542f<strong>Server\uff08Default\uff09<\/strong>\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\n<\/li>\n<li>\u70b9\u51fb<strong>Save &amp; Test<\/strong>\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u7eff\u8272\u63d0\u793a\u6846\u5373\u8868\u793a\u8fde\u901a\u6210\u529f\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7<\/em>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u82e5\u9700\u76d1\u63a7\u591a\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/strong>\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u522b\u540d\uff08Alias\uff09\u533a\u5206\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5f00\u542f<strong>DNS\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff08Custom HTTP Config\uff09\u53ef\u964d\u4f4ePromQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5ef6\u8fdf\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"\u6b65\u9aa43-\u5bfc\u5165\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\">\u6b65\u9aa43\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6848A\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u533a\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8bbf\u95ee<a href=\"https:\/\/grafana.com\/grafana\/dashboards\/\" target=\"_blank\">Grafana Dashboard Hub<\/a>\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u201cPrometheus\u201d\u7b5b\u9009\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Node Exporter Full<\/strong>\uff08ID\uff1a1860\uff09\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u5168\u666f\u89c6\u56fe\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kubernetes for Prometheus<\/strong>\uff08ID\uff1a315\uff09\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\u96c6\u7fa4\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u6790\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5bfc\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u4eea\u8868\u76d8ID\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5728Grafana\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f\u9009\u62e9<strong>Create &gt; Import<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165ID\u540e\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5df2\u914d\u7f6e\u7684Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u6e90\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u6848B\uff1a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><br \/>\n\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u65b0\u5efaDashboard\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb<strong>Add Visualization<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5728Metrics\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8f93\u5165PromQL\uff1a\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">100 - (avg by(instance)(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode=&quot;idle&quot;}[5m])) * 100)  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728\u53f3\u4fa7\u9762\u677f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u8c03\u6574\u5355\u4f4d\uff08Percent\uff09\u3001\u989c\u8272\u68af\u5ea6\u53ca\u56fe\u4f8b\u4f4d\u7f6e\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<strong>Transform<\/strong>\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u5982Top 3\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u6218-\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6280\u5de7\">\u4e09\u3001\u9ad8\u9636\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"\u6280\u5de71-\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u9694\u79bb\">\u6280\u5de71\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u9694\u79bb<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728<strong>Dashboard Settings &gt; Variables<\/strong>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u540d\u79f0\uff1a<code>instance<\/code>\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aQuery\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff1aPrometheus\n<\/li>\n<li>Query\uff1a<code>label_values(node_cpu_seconds_total, instance)<\/code>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u9762\u677f\u7684PromQL\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-promql\">node_memory_MemFree_bytes{instance=~&quot;$instance&quot;}  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u62c9\u6846\u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\u76d1\u63a7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"\u6280\u5de72-\u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790\">\u6280\u5de72\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<p>Grafana\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u9762\u677f\u53e0\u52a0\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6bd4\u8f83Prometheus\u4e0eInfluxDB\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u70b9\u51fb<strong>Add Query<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9009\u62e9InfluxDB\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5e76\u7f16\u5199Flux\u67e5\u8be2\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<strong>Overrides<\/strong>\u529f\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6307\u5b9a\u7ebf\u6761\u6837\u5f0f\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 id=\"\u6280\u5de73-\u544a\u8b66\u9608\u503c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\">\u6280\u5de73\uff1a\u544a\u8b66\u9608\u503c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728Graph\u9762\u677f\u7684<strong>Alert<\/strong>\u9009\u9879\u5361\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5982<code>max() &gt; 90<\/code>\u6301\u7eed5\u5206\u949f\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5728<strong>Thresholds<\/strong>\u533a\u57df\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u989c\u8272\uff08\u5982\u9ec4\u8272&gt;80%\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272&gt;90%\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408<strong>Alertmanager<\/strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fae\u4fe1\/\u9489\u9489\u901a\u77e5\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u56db-\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357-\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\">\u56db\u3001\u907f\u5751\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Grafana\u4e2d\u65e0\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5Prometheus\u7aef\u70b9\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff08\u9632\u706b\u5899\/\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\uff09\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1PromQL\u5728Prometheus\u81ea\u5e26Graph\u9875\u662f\u5426\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u56fe\u8868\u663e\u793a\u201cNo 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