{"id":36156,"date":"2025-03-26T14:23:51","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T06:23:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=36156"},"modified":"2025-03-26T14:23:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T06:23:51","slug":"ebpf%e5%9c%a8%e9%ab%98%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e8%ae%be%e5%a4%87%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/36156.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5448\u73b0\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u727a\u7272\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3002eBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6247\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6e90\u81eaLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ece\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u5927\u5382\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u52305G\u6838\u5fc3\u7f51\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0ceBPF<\/a>\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5c42\uff1aeBPF\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u56f4<\/strong><\/h3>\n

eBPF\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff0ceBPF\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017<\/strong>\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u50f5\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6210\u672c\u3002\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\uff08JIT\uff09<\/strong>\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e0b\u6c89\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\uff08SmartNIC\uff09<\/strong>\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7b49\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7CPU\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5378\u8f7d\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u5e95\u5ea7<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1aeBPF\u5982\u4f55\u8d4b\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1. \u52a8\u6001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0e\u6d41\u91cf\u8c03\u5ea6<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5982Cilium\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7iptables\u7684\u94fe\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e90%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

eBPF\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u6d41\u91cf\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u57285G\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u57fa\u7ad9\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5f80\u5f80\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u6355\u83b7\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u6d41\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684tcpdump\u6216NetFlow\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cXDP\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5f00\u9500\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u6ee4\u903b\u8f91<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

Facebook\u7684Katran\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528XDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u56db\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u6d41\u91cf\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u62e5\u585e\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u62e6\u622a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7b49\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u52a8\u6001\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u975eIP\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u5fa1\u4e86IP\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u6388\u6743\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f20\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002\n<\/li>\n
  • DDoS\u9632\u5fa1<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u6e05\u6d17\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u81f3100Gbps\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    4. \u534f\u8bae\u52a0\u901f\u4e0e\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u534f\u8bae\u5378\u8f7d<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cQUIC\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6808\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790QUIC\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u63e1\u624b\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u66f4\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u6808<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4e1a\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6781\u7b80\u901a\u4fe1\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c06\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u5ef6\u8fdf\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\uff1aeBPF\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u5df2\u5c55\u73b0\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u786c\u4ef6\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\u548cDPU\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301eBPF\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5378\u8f7d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • \u751f\u6001\u788e\u7247\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5382\u5546\u7684eBPF\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\uff08\u5982BCC\u3001libbpf\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u672c\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • \u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c<\/strong>\uff1a\u867d\u7136eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u6838\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4ecd\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u968f\u7740eBPF\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f<\/strong>\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cLinux\u5185\u6838\u793e\u533a\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u5c06eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3aFPGA\u6216ASIC\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u4e0eAI\u63a8\u7406\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong>\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5176\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u6d41\u91cf\u8c03\u5ea6\u9886\u57df\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u56db\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1aeBPF\u7684\u843d\u5730\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u5de8\u5934<\/strong>\uff1aAWS\u7684Nitro\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u79df\u6237\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u9700\u6c42\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      • \u7535\u4fe1\u8fd0\u8425\u5546<\/strong>\uff1aAT&T\u57285G\u6838\u5fc3\u7f51\u4e2d\u90e8\u7f72eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u5207\u7247\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u65f6\u5ef630%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      • \u91d1\u878d\u79d1\u6280<\/strong>\uff1a\u7eb3\u65af\u8fbe\u514b\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u91c7\u7528eBPF\u5b9a\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7a33\u5b9a\u57285\u5fae\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0ceBPF\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6218\u7565\u7ea7\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5448\u73b0\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u727a\u7272\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3002eBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6247\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6e90\u81eaLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u5851\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ece\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u5927\u5382\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u52305G\u6838\u5fc3\u7f51\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5c42\uff1aeBPF\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u56f4 eBPF\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0ceBPF\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u50f5\u5316\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5f80\u5f80\u4f9d\u8d56\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u6210\u672c\u3002\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\uff08JIT\uff09\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u4e0b\u6c89\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002 \u5728\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\uff08SmartNIC\uff09\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7b49\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7CPU\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5378\u8f7d\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u5e95\u5ea7\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1aeBPF\u5982\u4f55\u8d4b\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907 1. \u52a8\u6001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u4e0e\u6d41\u91cf\u8c03\u5ea6 \u4f20\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fa\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u6216\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u57fa\u4e8eeBPF\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5982Cilium\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7iptables\u7684\u94fe\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5c06\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e90%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 eBPF\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u3001\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u6d41\u91cf\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u57285G\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u57fa\u7ad9\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u5206\u5e03\u3002 2. \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad \u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5f80\u5f80\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002eBPF\u901a\u8fc7XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u6355\u83b7\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u6d41\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u4e22\u5305\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684tcpdump\u6216NetFlow\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cXDP\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u5f00\u9500\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u6ee4\u903b\u8f91\u3002 Facebook\u7684Katran\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528XDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u56db\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u6d41\u91cf\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u62e5\u585e\u8282\u70b9\u3002 3. \u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u62e6\u622a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0bID\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7b49\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u52a8\u6001\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u800c\u975eIP\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u5fa1\u4e86IP\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u6a2a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u3002 \u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a \u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb\uff1a\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u6388\u6743\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f20\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3002 DDoS\u9632\u5fa1\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u6e05\u6d17\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u81f3100Gbps\u7ea7\u522b\u3002 4. \u534f\u8bae\u52a0\u901f\u4e0e\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u5904\u7406 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u534f\u8bae\u5378\u8f7d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cQUIC\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u6808\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790QUIC\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u63e1\u624b\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002 \u66f4\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4e1a\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6781\u7b80\u901a\u4fe1\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c06\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u5ef6\u8fdf\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002 \u4e09\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\uff1aeBPF\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411 \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u5df2\u5c55\u73b0\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u6311\u6218\uff1a \u786c\u4ef6\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\u548cDPU\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301eBPF\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u5378\u8f7d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002 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