{"id":36291,"date":"2025-03-26T14:40:07","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T06:40:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=36291"},"modified":"2025-03-26T14:40:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T06:40:07","slug":"ebpf%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e8%83%bd%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%8e%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%9b%b6%e6%8b%b7%e8%b4%9d%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e4%bc%a0%e8%be%93%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/36291.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u76db\u884c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u6210\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5197\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5927\u91cfCPU\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u800c\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08Zero-Copy\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\u56e0\u5176\u6d88\u9664\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0ceBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\uff1aeBPF<\/a>\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\uff1f<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u6280\u672f\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u9645\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u5e76\u975e\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u964d\u4f4eCPU\u5f00\u9500\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u5bbd\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edfTCP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u7f51\u5361\u901a\u8fc7DMA\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u5185\u6838\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08\u5185\u6838\u2192\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u2192\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09<\/strong>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cfCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u800c\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982Linux\u7684sendfile<\/code>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6216DPDK\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76f4\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    eBPF\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u80fd\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    eBPF\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u5185\u6838\u6269\u5c55\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u6216\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u6c99\u76d2\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f18\u52bf\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u5165\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
    2. \u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u4e0e\u5171\u4eab<\/strong>\uff1a\u501f\u52a9BPF\u6620\u5c04\uff08Map\uff09\u548c\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08Ring Buffer\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u9ad8\u6548\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5197\u4f59\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n

      eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      1. XDP\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u201c\u8d85\u8f66\u9053\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      XDP\u662feBPF\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u57df\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u89e6\u53d1eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c1a\u672a\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e0e\u8f6c\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u6216\u8f6c\u53d1\u7279\u5b9a\u6d41\u91cf\uff08\u5982DDoS\u9632\u5fa1\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5c01\u88c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u5185\u5b58\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Facebook\u7684Katran<\/strong>\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u5229\u7528XDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u56db\u5c42\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6bcf\u79d2\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14CPU\u6d88\u8017\u964d\u4f4e40%<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ec5\u5728\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2. BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS\uff1a\u4f18\u5316Socket\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS<\/code>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b\u578b\u4ecb\u5165Socket\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • \u65c1\u8def\u63a7\u5236\uff08Bypass\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u573a\u666f\uff09\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u6b64\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u7b49\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

          3. \u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5171\u4eab<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          eBPF\u7684BPF\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\u548cperf buffer<\/strong>\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCilium\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528eBPF\u5c06Kubernetes Service\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u89c4\u5219\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6620\u5c04\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u51b3\u7b56\u65e0\u9700\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u81f3\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u6743\u8861<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u4e3a\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4ecd\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \u786c\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          XDP\u9700\u8981\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u652f\u6301\uff08\u5982Intel DPDK\u6216Linux\u5185\u6838\u9a71\u52a8\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u5bf9eBPF\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff08Ring Buffer\uff09\u5728Linux 5.8\u4e2d\u624d\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff08Verifier\uff09\u4fdd\u969c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u663e\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u8fb9\u754c\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u53d6\u820d<\/strong><\/h4>\n

          \u5b8c\u5168\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u867d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u653e\u5f03TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u7b49\u6210\u719f\u673a\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u6839\u636e\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u90e8\u5206\u65c1\u8def\uff08\u5982\u4ec5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u9762\uff09\u6216\u5168\u6808\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u884c\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h3>\n
            \n
          1. \u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u52a0\u901f<\/strong>\uff1aAWS\u3001Google\u7b49\u4e91\u5382\u5546\u4f7f\u7528eBPF\u4f18\u5316\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0e\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7XDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u901a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5f00\u9500\u3002\n<\/li>\n
          2. \u5fae\u670d\u52a1Service Mesh<\/strong>\uff1aIstio\u3001Linkerd\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\u501f\u52a9eBPF\u66ff\u4ee3iptables\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7406\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\n<\/li>\n
          3. \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1aCeph RDMA\u9a71\u52a8\u7ed3\u5408eBPF\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u901a\u9053\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n

            \u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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