{"id":37011,"date":"2025-04-18T10:37:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T02:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=37011"},"modified":"2025-04-18T10:37:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T02:37:00","slug":"ebpf%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b8%ae%e5%8a%a9%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%8c%85%e8%bd%ac%e5%8f%91%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/37011.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u867d\u7136\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5197\u957f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u800ceBPF<\/a>\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0ceBPF<\/a>\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ad8\u6548\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ece\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u52305G\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u7a81\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u9650\u5236\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\uff1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u201c\u6377\u5f84\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u7ecf\u5386\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790<\/strong>\u7b49\u591a\u9053\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u9ad8\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u3002\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u6302\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u5904\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u5361\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0cXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u5728DMA\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790\u5305\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u4e22\u5f03\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0a\u4f20\u81f3\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3002<\/em> \u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\uff08Kernel Bypass\uff09<\/strong>\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002\u6839\u636eCloudflare\u7684\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0cXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f6c\u53d1DNS\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u8fbe\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u76844\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6CPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4e0b\u964d60%\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u9002\u5e94\u591a\u573a\u666f\u9700\u6c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n

eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7C\u6216Rust\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u65f6\u9700\u6c42\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\uff08Service Mesh\uff09<\/strong>\u5e38\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u5982A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\u53d1\u5e03\uff09\u3002\u501f\u52a9eBPF\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76eeCilium<\/strong>\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301L3-L7\u5c42\u7684\u5168\u6808\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6740\u624b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684sk_buff<\/code>\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u673a\u5236\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04<\/strong>\uff1aXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u5361DMA\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u590d\u5236\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7bpf_redirect_map<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8f6c\u53d1\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3002\n<\/li>\n
  3. eBPF Map\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u6548\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    *Facebook\u7684Katran\u9879\u76ee*\u5373\u91c7\u7528eBPF\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u96f6\u4e22\u5305\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u7ebf\u901f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u56db\u3001\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u534f\u540c\uff1a\u91ca\u653e\u5e95\u5c42\u52a0\u901f\u6f5c\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0ceBPF\u751f\u6001\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\u6280\u672f\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • SmartNIC\uff08\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5378\u8f7d\u5230\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u7684FPGA\u6216\u4e13\u7528ASIC\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e3b\u673aCPU\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • DPDK\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u9a71\u52a8\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528DPDK\u7684\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • eBPF JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u751f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6f\u786c\u534f\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97eBPF\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0e\u4e13\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u5728\u90e8\u5206VPC\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528XDP\u52a0\u901fVXLAN\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u81f32\u5fae\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u843d\u5730\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      1. DDoS\u9632\u62a4<\/strong>\uff1aCloudflare\u4f7f\u7528XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u6076\u610f\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4iptables\u5feb20\u500d\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      2. \u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff1aLyft\u901a\u8fc7Cilium\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7b56\u7565 enforcement\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\u4e8e50\u5fae\u79d2\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      3. 5G UPF\uff08\u7528\u6237\u9762\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u90e8\u5206\u7535\u4fe1\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u91c7\u7528eBPF\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edfDPDK\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u8fed\u4ee3\u5468\u671f\u4ece\u6570\u6708\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u51e0\u5929\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0ceBPF\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u8303\u5f0f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u5c06\u60f3\u6cd5\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u80fd\u529b\u201d<\/strong>\u7684\u6377\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u516d\u3001\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u4f18\u52bf\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u867d\u7136eBPF\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u975e\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        • \u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u5185\u6838\uff08\u5982Linux 4.8\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b8c\u6574eBPF\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5f02\u6784\u73af\u5883\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        • \u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1abpftrace\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u4ecd\u5728\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e2d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u6709\u5f85\u63d0\u5347\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u968f\u7740eBPF\u5728Windows\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caCO-RE\uff08Compile Once \u2013 Run Everywhere\uff09<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5176\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff08\u5982\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u7684AI\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7206\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u867d\u7136\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5197\u957f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u800ceBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0ceBPF\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u9ad8\u6548\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u4ece\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u52305G\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u7a81\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u9650\u5236\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u3002 \u4e00\u3001\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\uff1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u201c\u6377\u5f84\u201d \u4f20\u7edf\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u7ecf\u5386\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u7b49\u591a\u9053\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4CPU\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u9ad8\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u3002\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u6302\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u5904\u7406\u201d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u5361\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0cXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u5728DMA\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790\u5305\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u4e22\u5f03\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0a\u4f20\u81f3\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u5185\u6838\u65c1\u8def\uff08Kernel Bypass\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\u3002\u6839\u636eCloudflare\u7684\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0cXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f6c\u53d1DNS\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u53ef\u8fbe\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u76844\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6CPU\u5360\u7528\u7387\u4e0b\u964d60%\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u9002\u5e94\u591a\u573a\u666f\u9700\u6c42 eBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7C\u6216Rust\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u7b56\u7565\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u5185\u6838\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u65f6\u9700\u6c42\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u3002 \u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\uff08Service Mesh\uff09\u5e38\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u5982A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\u53d1\u5e03\uff09\u3002\u501f\u52a9eBPF\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u5b8c\u6210\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76eeCilium\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Kubernetes\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301L3-L7\u5c42\u7684\u5168\u6808\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002 \u4e09\u3001\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500 \u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u62f7\u8d1d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6740\u624b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684sk_buff\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u673a\u5236\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\uff1aXDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u5361DMA\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u590d\u5236\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002 \u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7bpf_redirect_map\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8f6c\u53d1\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3002 eBPF Map\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u6548\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u8f6c\u53d1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u3002 *Facebook\u7684Katran\u9879\u76ee*\u5373\u91c7\u7528eBPF\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u96f6\u4e22\u5305\u548c\u63a5\u8fd1\u7ebf\u901f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 \u56db\u3001\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u534f\u540c\uff1a\u91ca\u653e\u5e95\u5c42\u52a0\u901f\u6f5c\u529b \u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\uff0ceBPF\u751f\u6001\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u52a0\u901f\u6280\u672f\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a SmartNIC\uff08\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\uff09\uff1a\u5c06eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5378\u8f7d\u5230\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u7684FPGA\u6216\u4e13\u7528ASIC\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e3b\u673aCPU\u3002 DPDK\u96c6\u6210\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6001\u9a71\u52a8\u6846\u67b6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u5728\u4fdd\u7559\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528DPDK\u7684\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u4f18\u52bf\u3002 eBPF JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u89e3\u91ca\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u751f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6f\u786c\u534f\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97eBPF\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0e\u4e13\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u5728\u90e8\u5206VPC\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528XDP\u52a0\u901fVXLAN\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e\u81f32\u5fae\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3002 \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u843d\u5730\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a DDoS\u9632\u62a4\uff1aCloudflare\u4f7f\u7528XDP\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u6076\u610f\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4iptables\u5feb20\u500d\u3002 \u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u7edc\uff1aLyft\u901a\u8fc7Cilium\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7b56\u7565 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