{"id":37053,"date":"2025-04-18T10:41:53","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T02:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=37053"},"modified":"2025-04-18T10:41:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T02:41:53","slug":"prometheus%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%a4%87%e4%bb%bd%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/37053.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5907\u4efd\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"Prometheus\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5907\u4efd\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u6280\u672f\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684”\u751f\u547d\u7ebf”\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6807\u6746\uff0cPrometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u4ee5\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08TSDB\uff09\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u544a\u8b66\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus<\/a>\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u56e0\u786c\u4ef6\u6545\u969c\u3001\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u9762\u4e34\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4e3aPrometheus\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u76d1\u63a7\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efdPrometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/h3>\n

Prometheus\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c06\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08TSDB\uff09<\/strong>\u4e2d\u3002\u867d\u7136TSDB\u5177\u5907\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u5206\u5757\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u66f4\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u957f\u671f\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u8282\u70b9\u6545\u969c<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u6216\u865a\u62df\u673a\u53d1\u751f\u78c1\u76d8\u635f\u574f\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u4eba\u4e3a\u8bef\u5220<\/strong>\uff1a\u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8bef\u5220\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u98ce\u9669<\/strong>\uff1aPrometheus\u7248\u672c\u8fed\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  4. \u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Kubernetes\u4e2d\uff0cPod\u7684\u9891\u7e41\u91cd\u542f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5377\u4e22\u5931\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bb9\u707e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08\u5982GDPR\u3001\u7b49\u4fdd2.0\uff09\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n

    \u7406\u89e3\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u5148\u638c\u63e1Prometheus\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\/data<\/code>\uff08\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7--storage.tsdb.path<\/code>\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u542bwal<\/code>\uff08\u9884\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u3001chunks<\/code>\uff08\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff09\u548cmeta.json<\/code>\uff08\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • \u4fdd\u7559\u5468\u671f<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7--storage.tsdb.retention.time<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba415\u5929\uff09\uff0c\u8d85\u671f\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\u3002\n<\/li>\n
    • \u5206\u5757\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf2\u5c0f\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff08block\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u542b2\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u6837\u672c\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7c92\u5ea6\u662f2\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u65f6\u589e\u91cf\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

      1. \u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n
      • \u505c\u6b62Prometheus\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u907f\u514d\u5199\u5165\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528rsync<\/code>\u6216cp -a<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u590d\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u5b58\u6863\u3002\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u89c4\u907f\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u6545\u969c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u9700\u914d\u5408\u5f02\u5730\u5907\u4efd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7crontab<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u6668\u6267\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n

        2. \u8fdc\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/h4>\n

        \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u3001\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u5f52\u6863\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u5de5\u5177\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff1a\n<\/li>\n
        • AWS S3\/MinIO<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7s3cmd<\/code>\u6216aws-cli<\/code>\u4e0a\u4f20\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • NFS\/CephFS<\/strong>\uff1a\u6302\u8f7d\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • Thanos\/Cortex<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u96c6\u6210\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u3002\n<\/li>\n
        • \u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u4f7f\u7528MinIO\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          mc cp \/prometheus\/data\/backup.tar.gz myminio\/backup-bucket\/  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          3. \u57fa\u4e8e\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/h4>\n
          Prometheus\u4ecev2.1\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u7167\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7API\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5feb\u7167\uff1a<\/p>\n
          curl -XPOST http:\/\/localhost:9090\/api\/v1\/admin\/tsdb\/snapshot  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
          \u751f\u6210\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\/data\/snapshots<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff08\u598220240101-120000Z-123456<\/code>\uff09\u3002
          \n\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u9700\u505c\u673a\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u96c6\u7fa4\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n
          \n
          \u56db\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5de5\u5177\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/h3>\n
          1. Thanos\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong><\/h4>\n
          Thanos\u4f5c\u4e3aPrometheus\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n
            \n
          • Sidecar\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5c06Prometheus\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u65f6\u4e0a\u4f20\u81f3S3\u3001GCS\u7b49\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          • Compactor\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8d23\u964d\u91c7\u6837\uff08downsampling\uff09\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u672c\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          • \u901a\u8fc7thanos backup<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u7684\u5feb\u7167\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            2. \u4f7f\u7528Velero\u5b9e\u73b0Kubernetes\u73af\u5883\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/h4>\n
            \u82e5Prometheus\u90e8\u7f72\u5728Kubernetes\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u501f\u52a9Velero\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u5907\u4efdPVC\uff08Persistent Volume Claim\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5377\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
            • \u7ed3\u5408Restic\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
            • \u652f\u6301\u6309\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u6807\u7b7e\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
              \u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h3>\n
              \u5907\u4efd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u5426\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u901a\u7528\u6062\u590d\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u505c\u6b62Prometheus\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
              2. \u6e05\u7a7a\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\uff08rm -rf \/data\/*<\/code>\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
              3. \u89e3\u538b\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u539f\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
              4. \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7Grafana\u68c0\u67e5\u5386\u53f2\u6307\u6807\uff09\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6062\u590d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684Prometheus\u7248\u672c\u9700\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n
                \n
                \u516d\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                1. 3-2-1\u5907\u4efd\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u81f3\u5c11\u4fdd\u75593\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u75282\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d1\u4efd\u5f02\u5730\u5b58\u653e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                2. \u52a0\u5bc6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u81f3\u4e91\u7aef\u65f6\u542f\u7528SSL\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08SSE\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                3. \u76d1\u63a7\u5907\u4efd\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u5907\u4efd\u4efb\u52a1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u53ef\u53ca\u65f6\u5e72\u9884\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                4. \u5b9a\u671f\u6062\u590d\u6f14\u7ec3<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u5b63\u5ea6\u6a21\u62df\u6062\u590d\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5907\u4efd\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
                5. \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u7684\u65e7\u5907\u4efd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6210\u672c\u81a8\u80c0\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cAWS S3\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u89c4\u5219\u5c0630\u5929\u524d\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u8f6c\u4e3aGlacier\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n
                  \n
                  \u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/h3>\n
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\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u3001\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u5f52\u6863\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002 \u5de5\u5177\u9009\u62e9\uff1a AWS S3\/MinIO\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7s3cmd\u6216aws-cli\u4e0a\u4f20\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b NFS\/CephFS\uff1a\u6302\u8f7d\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\uff1b Thanos\/Cortex\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u96c6\u6210\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u4f7f\u7528MinIO\uff09\uff1a mc cp \/prometheus\/data\/backup.tar.gz myminio\/backup-bucket\/ 3. \u57fa\u4e8e\u5feb\u7167\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd Prometheus\u4ecev2.1\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u7167\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7API\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5feb\u7167\uff1a curl -XPOST http:\/\/localhost:9090\/api\/v1\/admin\/tsdb\/snapshot 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