{"id":37239,"date":"2025-04-18T11:03:35","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T03:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=37239"},"modified":"2025-04-18T11:03:35","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T03:03:35","slug":"prometheus%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%86%e5%b8%83%e5%bc%8f%e5%ad%98%e5%82%a8%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/37239.html","title":{"rendered":"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/76G28453J2.jpg\" alt=\"Prometheus\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u63a7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff1f\" ><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8282\u70b9\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5927\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6fc0\u589e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u9884\u8b66\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6311\u6218\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u76d1\u63a7\u4e4b\u738b\u201d\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7834\u89e3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u76d1\u63a7\u96be\u9898\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">Prometheus<\/a>\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u51c6\u6355\u83b7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u8109\u640f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u5230\u667a\u80fd\u544a\u8b66\u7684\u5168\u94fe\u8def\u6280\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e00-\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u4e0eprometheus\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91\">\u4e00\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u4e0ePrometheus\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91<\/h3>\n<p>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Ceph\u3001GlusterFS\u3001MinIO\u7b49\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5177\u5907<strong>\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7247<\/strong>\u548c<strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u590d<\/strong>\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u6307\u6807\u7ef4\u5ea6\u591a<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u76d1\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6c60\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001IOPS\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u526f\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7b49\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u6307\u6807\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u589e\u51cf\uff0c\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u7eb3\u5165\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6545\u969c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u96be<\/strong>\uff1a\u8de8\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u6545\u969c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u9700\u5feb\u901f\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Prometheus\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pull\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u8282\u70b9\u62c9\u53d6\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f20\u7edfPush\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5355\u70b9\u74f6\u9888\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u6210Kubernetes\u3001Consul\u7b49\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8bc6\u522b\u5b58\u50a8\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\uff08Labels\uff09\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6c60\u3001\u5377\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e8c-prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\">\u4e8c\u3001Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6-exporter\u7684\u9002\u914d\u4e0e\u5b9a\u5236\">1. <strong>\u6307\u6807\u91c7\u96c6\uff1aExporter\u7684\u9002\u914d\u4e0e\u5b9a\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u751f\u683c\u5f0f\u672a\u5fc5\u517c\u5bb9Prometheus\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u501f\u52a9<strong>Exporter<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u901a\u7528\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Node Exporter\u76d1\u63a7\u8282\u70b9\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\uff08CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8IO\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e13\u7528\u9002\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9Ceph\u3001MinIO\u7b49\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9a\u5236Exporter\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCeph Exporter\u4f1a\u5c06Ceph\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684<code>ceph status<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aPrometheus\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684<code>ceph_osd_up<\/code>\u3001<code>ceph_pool_bytes_used<\/code>\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff08Ceph Exporter\u914d\u7f6e\u7247\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-yaml\">scrape_configs:  \r\n- job_name: 'ceph'  \r\nstatic_configs:  \r\n- targets: ['ceph-exporter:9128']  \r\nmetrics_path: \/metrics  \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2-\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u652f\u6491\">2. <strong>\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u652f\u6491<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Prometheus\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08TSDB\uff09\u91c7\u7528\u5217\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<strong>PromQL<\/strong>\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u7075\u6d3b\u5206\u6790\u6307\u6807\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5bb9\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1a<code>predict_linear(ceph_pool_bytes_used[6h], 3600*24)<\/code> \u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u676524\u5c0f\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u6c60\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1a<code>rate(ceph_osd_op_w_latency_sum[5m]) &gt; 0.1<\/code> \u8bc6\u522b\u5199\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7a81\u589e\u7684OSD\u8282\u70b9\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u544a\u8b66\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-\u4ece\u9608\u503c\u89c4\u5219\u5230\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790\">3. <strong>\u544a\u8b66\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff1a\u4ece\u9608\u503c\u89c4\u5219\u5230<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/\"   target=\"_blank\" style=\"color:blue\">\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u544a\u8b66\u89c4\u5219\uff08Alerting Rules\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u7ea7\u9608\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5b58\u50a8\u6c60\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4f4e\u4e8e10%\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1<code>Critical<\/code>\u544a\u8b66\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e20%\u89e6\u53d1<code>Warning<\/code>\u544a\u8b66\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Grafana\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u4eea\u8868\u76d8\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u5c55\u793a\u5168\u5c40\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5982\u201c\u96c6\u7fa4\u5065\u5eb7\u5206\u201d\uff09\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u62d3\u6251\u70ed\u529b\u56fe\u7b49\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u4e0b\u94bb\u5206\u6790\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 id=\"\u4e09-\u5173\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\">\u4e09\u3001\u5173\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"1-\u57fa\u7840\u5c42-\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u5065\u5eb7\"><strong>1. \u57fa\u7840\u5c42\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u5065\u5eb7<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a<code>up{job=&quot;ceph-osd&quot;}<\/code>\u4e3a0\u8868\u793a\u8282\u70b9\u79bb\u7ebf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u78c1\u76d8\u5065\u5eb7<\/strong>\uff1a<code>node_disk_io_time_seconds<\/code>\u6301\u7eed\u8fc7\u9ad8\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u6545\u969c\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"2-\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42-\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\"><strong>2. \u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u526f\u672c\u540c\u6b65\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff1a<code>ceph_pg_active<\/code>\u4e0e<code>ceph_pg_total<\/code>\u5dee\u503c\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u6ede\u540e\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0e\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\uff1a<code>rate(ceph_osd_op_r_latency_sum[5m])<\/code>\u53cd\u6620\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"3-\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42-\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\"><strong>3. \u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\uff1a\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b58\u50a8\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408<code>ceph_pool_bytes_used<\/code>\u4e0e<code>ceph_pool_max_avail<\/code>\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6269\u5bb9\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u5e03<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u6790<code>minio_http_requests_total<\/code>\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3 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