{"id":37434,"date":"2025-04-18T11:26:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T03:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=37434"},"modified":"2025-04-18T11:26:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T03:26:17","slug":"ebpf%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8%e7%bc%96%e6%8e%92%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/37434.html","title":{"rendered":"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1f\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong>
\n\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Kubernetes\uff09\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u96c6\u7fa4\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982iptables\u3001cgroups\uff09\u9010\u6e10\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u727a\u7272\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff1f<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u50ac\u751f\u4e86eBPF<\/a>\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3aLinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u521b\u65b0\uff0ceBPF<\/a>\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u6ce8\u5165\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790eBPF\u5982\u4f55\u7a81\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ce8\u5165\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6d3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001eBPF\uff1a\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u9769\u65b0\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u52a0\u901f<\/strong><\/h3>\n

eBPF\uff08Extended Berkeley Packet Filter\uff09\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6027<\/strong>\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\u4f7f\u5176\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u5185\u6838\u6267\u884c\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0ceBPF\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5185\u6838\u6001\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  2. \u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5373\u65f6\u6ce8\u5165\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
  3. \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u6838\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cKubernetes\u7684Service\u673a\u5236\u4f9d\u8d56iptables\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u89c4\u5219\u94fe\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4O(n)\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002Cilium\u9879\u76ee<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3O(1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u534710\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u74f6\u9888<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5f80\u5f80\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/strong>\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982netfilter\u3001\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\uff1a<\/p>\n

    1. \u7ed5\u8fc7iptables\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Kubernetes\u7684kube-proxy\u4f9d\u8d56iptables\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u5343\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u89c4\u5219\u81a8\u80c0<\/strong>\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\u3002eBPF\u5219\u901a\u8fc7XDP\uff08eXpress Data Path\uff09<\/strong>\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFacebook\u7684Katran\u9879\u76ee\u5229\u7528XDP\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u5355\u8282\u70b9\u652f\u6491\u767e\u4e07\u7ea7QPS\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u964d\u4f4e40%\u3002<\/p>\n

    2. \u667a\u80fd\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u4e0eQoS\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    eBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff08\u5982AI\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0e\u5728\u7ebf\u670d\u52a1\u5171\u5b58\uff09\uff0ceBPF\u80fd\u8bc6\u522b\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6d41\u91cf\uff08\u5982HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u4e0d\u53d7\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5c3e\u90e8\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/strong>\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\uff1a\u4ece\u9ed1\u76d2\u5230\u900f\u660e\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982top\u3001netstat\uff09\u96be\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5bb9\u5668\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6<\/strong>\u80fd\u529b\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u94a9sock_connect<\/code>\u548csock_recvmsg<\/code>\u7b49\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u7ed8\u5236\u5bb9\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fe\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5f02\u5e38\u6d41\u91cf\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
    • \u5ef6\u8fdf\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5355\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u8017\u65f6\uff08\u5982DNS\u89e3\u6790\u3001TCP\u63e1\u624b\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
    • \u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408perf<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0ceBPF\u80fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5bb9\u5668\u7684CPU\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7f3a\u9875\u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u5e95\u5c42\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Google\u7684gVisor\u56e2\u961f\u66fe\u501f\u52a9eBPF\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5bb9\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c06I\/O\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u63d0\u534730%\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u56db\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5171\u751f\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u4f46eBPF\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u5185\u7b56\u7565\u6267\u884c<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u5e73\u8861\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u96f6\u4fe1\u4efb\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff1aCilium\u7684NetworkPolicy\u5229\u7528eBPF\u5728Socket\u5c42\u76f4\u63a5\u8fc7\u6ee4\u975e\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b8c\u6574\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u94a9seccomp<\/code>\u548copenat<\/code>\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u62e6\u622a\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u7684\u5371\u9669\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u8fc7\u6ee4\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5fae\u79d2\u7ea7\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
      • \u5b9e\u65f6\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5339\u914d\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982SQL\u6ce8\u5165\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6001\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u6076\u610f\u5305\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5f00\u9500\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u67d0\u91d1\u878d\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u540e\uff0c\u5176API\u7f51\u5173\u7684P99\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4ece20ms\u964d\u81f35ms\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u963b\u65ad\u7387\u63d0\u534790%\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e94\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u4e0e\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        \u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800ceBPF\u4e3acgroups\u548cnamespace\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • CPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1aeBPF\u53ef\u6302\u94a9\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5bb9\u5668\u7684CPU\u914d\u989d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7a81\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u5347Web\u670d\u52a1\u7684CPU\u4efd\u989d\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1SLA\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • \u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u9884\u8b66<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7memory.pressure<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0ceBPF\u80fd\u5728\u5bb9\u5668OOM\uff08Out-of-Memory\uff09\u524d\u89e6\u53d1\u9884\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\uff09\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
        • \u5b58\u50a8I\/O\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u5377\u65f6\uff0ceBPF\u53ef\u6839\u636ePod\u7684QoS\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u57282023\u5e74\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5cf0\u4f1a\u4e0a\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u5176ACK\u96c6\u7fa4\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u4f18\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u7f29\u77ed\u4e8618%\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u516d\u3001\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b\uff1aeBPF\u4e0e\u7f16\u6392\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u534f\u540c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u5c3d\u7ba1eBPF\u5df2\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668\u751f\u6001\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u6f5c\u529b\u4ecd\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u786c\u4ef6\u5378\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u667a\u80fd\u7f51\u5361\u7684eBPF\u52a0\u901f\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u964d\u4f4eCPU\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          2. AI\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\n<\/li>\n
          3. \u591a\u96c6\u7fa4\u534f\u540c<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7eBPF\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u7b56\u7565\u3002\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u6b63\u5982Linux\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaLinus Torvalds\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201ceBPF\u6b63\u5728\u541e\u566c\u6574\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u201d\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u7f16\u6392\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u65b0\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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