{"id":37852,"date":"2025-04-22T22:37:23","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T14:37:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=37852"},"modified":"2025-04-22T22:37:23","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T14:37:23","slug":"npm%e5%9c%a8%e4%ba%91%e5%8e%9f%e7%94%9f%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%af%e9%9d%a0%e6%80%a7%e5%92%8c%e7%a8%b3%e5%ae%9a%e6%80%a7%e4%b8%ad%e8%b5%b7%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/37852.html","title":{"rendered":"NPM\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e2d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n

\"NPM\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e2d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

NPM\uff08Node Package Manager\uff09<\/strong> \u662fNode.js\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u968f\u7740Node.js\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0cNPM\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86JavaScript\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002NPM\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001NPM\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h2>\n

1. \u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u3002NPM\u901a\u8fc7 `package.json` \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 `package.json` \u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

json<\/p>\n

name”: “my-cloud-native-app”,<\/p>\n

version”: “1.0.0”,<\/p>\n

description”: “A cloud-native application”,<\/p>\n

main”: “app.js”,<\/p>\n

scripts”: {<\/p>\n

start”: “node app.js”,<\/p>\n

test”: “jest<\/p>\n

},<\/p>\n

dependencies”: {<\/p>\n

express”: “^4.17.1”,<\/p>\n

axios”: “^0.21.1<\/p>\n

},<\/p>\n

devDependencies”: {<\/p>\n

jest”: “^27.0.6<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c`dependencies` \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u800c `devDependencies` \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec5\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n

NPM\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u5316\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff08SemVer\uff09\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 `package.json` \u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\u4e3a `”express”: “^4.17.1″`\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u75284.17.x\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec5.0.0\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

NPM\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u673a\u5236\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u7b7e\u540d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\u3002NPM\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u65f6\u4fee\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c `npm audit` \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5efa\u8bae\u3002NPM\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u53cc\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff082FA\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u8d26\u6237\u5b89\u5168\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u6784\u5efa\u4f18\u5316<\/h2>\n

NPM\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff08CI\/CD\uff09\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 `package.json` \u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n

json<\/p>\n

scripts”: {<\/p>\n

build”: “webpack –mode production”,<\/p>\n

test”: “jest”,<\/p>\n

deploy”: “node deploy.js<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 `npm run build`\u3001`npm run test` \u548c `npm run deploy` \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u5206\u53d1\u548c\u5171\u4eab<\/h2>\n

NPM\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u53d1\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u5e03\u5230NPM\u6ce8\u518c\u8868\uff0c\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a `my-awesome-package` \u7684\u5305\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c `npm publish` \u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u548c\u793e\u533a\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

NPM\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ece\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u5230\u6784\u5efa\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u5206\u53d1\u5171\u4eab\uff0cNPM\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528NPM\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5feb\u5f00\u53d1\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NPM\uff08Node Package Manager\uff09 \u662fNode.js\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u968f\u7740Node.js\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0cNPM\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86JavaScript\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002NPM\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002 \u4e8c\u3001NPM\u5728\u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528 1. \u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406 \u4e91\u539f\u751f\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u3002NPM\u901a\u8fc7 `package.json` \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 `package.json` \u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a json name”: “my-cloud-native-app”, version”: “1.0.0”, description”: “A cloud-native application”, main”: “app.js”, scripts”: { start”: “node app.js”, test”: “jest }, dependencies”: { express”: “^4.17.1”, axios”: “^0.21.1 }, devDependencies”: { jest”: “^27.0.6 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c`dependencies` \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u800c `devDependencies` \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec5\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002 2. \u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236 NPM\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u5316\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff08SemVer\uff09\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\u51b2\u7a81\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 `package.json` \u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\u4e3a `”express”: “^4.17.1″`\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u75284.17.x\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec5.0.0\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u52a0\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-discussion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37852"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37854,"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37852\/revisions\/37854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}