{"id":564,"date":"2017-09-13T17:54:28","date_gmt":"2017-09-13T09:54:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=564"},"modified":"2017-09-13T17:54:28","modified_gmt":"2017-09-13T09:54:28","slug":"x86%e9%ab%98%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e7%ac%ba%e6%b3%a8%e4%b9%8b%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/564.html","title":{"rendered":"x86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b3a\u6ce8\u4e4b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\u8bfb\u8005\u987b\u77e5\uff1a\u300a\u5f3a\u8005\u6052\u5f3a\uff1ax86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b3a\u6ce8\u300b\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u5206\u4eabx86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u76ee\u5f55\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\n\n<strong><b>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/b><\/strong>\u4ecb\u7ecd\n\n\n<ul>\n \t\n\n<li>\u5bfb\u627e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684Hotspot<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>x86 CPU\u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>Good\/Bad examples<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<strong><b>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/b><\/strong>\u6027\u80fd\u56e0\u7d20\n\n\n<ul>\n \t\n\n<li>\u9501\/\u963b\u585e<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>CPU\u6838\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u65e0\u9501\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>Branch-less\u7f16\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5faa\u73af\u5c55\u5f00<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>pointer aliasing<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u9f50<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>Prefetch<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>NUMA<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5927\u9875<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u5206\u652f<\/li>\n\n\n \t\n\n<li>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<strong><b>\u9644\uff1a<\/b><\/strong>\n\n\n<ul>\n \t\n\n<li>\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<h4><strong><b>\u524d\u8a00<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7528\u6765\u6784\u7b51\u5e02\u573a\u58c1\u5792\u3002\u5199\u4f5c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6742\u7cc5\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u539f\u7406\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u667a\u529b\u4eab\u53d7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u4e92\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u6309\u7167\u5e73\u4ec4\u5408\u8f99\u7684\u8bcd\u724c\u586b\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u50cf\u9075\u5faa\u5bf9\u4f4d\u8d4b\u683c\u6765\u8c31\u66f2\u3002\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4ee5\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5956\u8d4f\u3002\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e00\u540c\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5f3a\u8005\u6052\u5f3a\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9053\u7406\u3002\n\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65f6\u4e0b\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u5927\u6f6e\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8ex86\u548cLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u6240\u8981\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u786c\u4ef6\uff0cx86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5176\u74f6\u9888\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e0b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u7528x86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e13\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u60f3\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u601d\u8003\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u9009\u7528\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e3b\u65e8\u4ecd\u662f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u5927\u53ef\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\n\n\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5148\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\n\n\n<h4><strong><b>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u6027\u80fd\u201d<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u6307\u6807\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u5224\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u76ee\u6765\u8bc4\u5224\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8d8a\u5c11\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u5730\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u8868\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u76ee\u5c11\uff0c\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\u7684\u65e2\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u770b\u817b\u4e86\u7684\u6a2a\u7eb5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\n\n\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u57280\u81f3255\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\n\n<strong>uint32_t i =\u00a00;for\u00a0(;\u00a0i &lt;\u00a0ARRAY_LEN;\u00a0i++)\u00a0{<\/strong>\n\n<strong>array[i]\u00a0=\u00a0rand()\u00a0%\u00a0256;}<\/strong>\n\n\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4e8e128\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7d2f\u52a0\u6c42\u548c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u904d\u5386\u7b5b\u9009\u4e00\u904d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u4e0d\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u201c\u76f4\u89c9\u201d\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u667a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u8868\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\n\n<strong>#ifdef\u00a0PRE_SORT<\/strong>\n\n<strong>qsort(&amp;array,\u00a0ARRAY_LEN,\u00a0sizeof(uint32_t),\u00a0qsort_cmp);<\/strong>\n\n<strong>printf(&#8220;Sorted array\\n&#8221;)<\/strong>\n\n<strong>#endif<\/strong>\n\n<strong>uint64_t sum =\u00a00;<\/strong>\n\n<strong>uint32_t ite_count =\u00a00;<\/strong>\n\n<strong>for\u00a0(;\u00a0ite_count &lt;\u00a010000;\u00a0ite_count++)\u00a0{<\/strong>\n\n<strong>for\u00a0(i =\u00a00;\u00a0i &lt;\u00a0ARRAY_LEN;\u00a0i++)\u00a0{<\/strong>\n\n<strong>if\u00a0(array[i]\u00a0&lt;\u00a0128)\u00a0{<\/strong>\n\n<strong>sum +=\u00a0array[i];<\/strong>\n\n<strong>}<\/strong>\n\n<strong>}<\/strong>\n\n<strong>}<\/strong>\n\n\u7531\u5b8fPRE_SORT\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55CPU cycle\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6bd4\u8f83\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528gcc\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a\n\n<strong># gcc -DPRE_SORT branch.c<\/strong>\n\n<strong># .\/a.out<\/strong>\n\n<strong>Sum:\u00a020787670000,\u00a0CPU cycles:\u00a04869610134<\/strong>\n\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u672a\u5f15\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\n\n<strong># gcc branch.c<\/strong>\n\n<strong># .\/a.out<\/strong>\n\n<strong>sum:\u00a020787670000,\u00a0CPU cycles:\u00a014611881138<\/strong>\n\n\u7531\u4e8e\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e0e\u9884\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u201c\u591a\u4f59\u201d\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u6392\u5e8f\u76843\u500d\uff08\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u6574\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u76f8\u5dee\u66f4\u5927\u3002\n\n<em><i>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528rdtsc\u6307\u4ee4\u8bfb\u53d6CPU\u7684cycle\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u6839\u636eCPU\u4e3b\u9891\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7edd\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u591a\u6838CPU\u4e0ardtsc\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u4f46\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0cIntel\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u65b0\u578b\u53f7\u7684CPU\u4e0a\u6539\u826f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e<\/i><\/em>\u3002\n\n\u90a3\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\n\n\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u5207\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5165\u624b\u70b9\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u6570\u79cd\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\uff0c\u7a7f\u63d2\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\n\n<em><i>\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u6307\u4ee4\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba1\u65f6\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u91c7\u7528<\/i><\/em>asm volatile(&#8220;&#8221; ::: &#8220;memory&#8221;);<em><i>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5b58\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u9010\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/i><\/em>\u3002\n\n\u4e0b\u9762\u4f7f\u7528perf\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4perf stat .\/a.out\u9488\u5bf9\u672a\u5f15\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\n\n<strong>5,902,900,466\u00a0instructions # 0.42\u00a0insns per cycle<\/strong>\n\n<strong>1,312,563,125\u00a0branches # 359.846\u00a0M\/sec<\/strong>\n\n<strong>326,150,404\u00a0branch-misses # 24.85%\u00a0of all branches<\/strong>\n\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u603b\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caIPC(instruction per cycle)\u6307\u6807\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u652f\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u662f\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5360\u6bd4\u3002\n\n\u800c\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff1a\n\n<strong>5,939,795,977\u00a0instructions # 1.26\u00a0insns per cycle<\/strong>\n\n<strong>1,321,069,122\u00a0branches # 1084.608\u00a0M\/sec<\/strong>\n\n<strong>406,006\u00a0branch-misses # 0.03%\u00a0of all branches<\/strong>\n\n\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u5206\u652f\u603b\u6570\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u591a\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8d25\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee53\u500d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u672a\u5f15\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8e128\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0cCPU\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5426\u5927\u4e8e128\uff0c\u5c31\u8f7b\u677e\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u591a\u3002\n\n<em><i>\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u6539\u4e86gcc\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6253\u5f00\u4f18\u5316\u9009\u9879<\/i><\/em><em><i>-O3<\/i><\/em><em><i>\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff1f\u53e6\u5916\u9488\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\u8bf7\u52a8\u624b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b<\/i><\/em>\u3002:D\n\n\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u4f55\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5982\u4f55\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u636e\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5148\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8bc4\u5224\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Cache\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5e26\u5bbd\u5360\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8017\u7535\u529f\u7387\u6765\u95f4\u63a5\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u201c\u6027\u80fd\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u62c9\u51fa\u4e00\u6839\u58a8\u7ef3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u624d\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u9ad8\u7684\u5145\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\n\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u5c11\u53ef\u80fd\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\uff0cCache\u547d\u4e2d\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5426\u65f6\u95f4\u771f\u7684\u77ed\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684xps\uff0c\u5373x per second\u00a0\u5c31\u9690\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002x\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6per second\u4e0a\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u541e\u5410\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u80fd\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u201d\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ecb\u7ecd\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u3002\u4f46\u4eceCPU\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u5173\u5fc3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u541e\u5410\u5417\uff1f\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u62fc\u547d\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6307\u4ee4\u7f13\u5b58\uff08CPU Cache\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u800c\u5df2\u3002\n\n\n<h4><strong><b>\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u8981\u6c42<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u53d1\u73b0\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u74f6\u9888\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6ee1\u610f\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ed\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002 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