{"id":704,"date":"2018-01-05T14:19:22","date_gmt":"2018-01-05T06:19:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/?p=704"},"modified":"2018-01-05T14:19:22","modified_gmt":"2018-01-05T06:19:22","slug":"intel-cpu%e6%bc%8f%e6%b4%9e%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e8%a7%a3%e8%af%bb%ef%bc%9a%e9%83%bd%e6%98%af%e7%bc%93%e5%ad%98%e6%83%b9%e7%9a%84%e7%a5%b8%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunshan.net\/blog\/archives\/704.html","title":{"rendered":"Intel CPU\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u8bfb\uff1a\u90fd\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u60f9\u7684\u7978\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\n\n<h3>\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n2017\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\uff0cGoogle\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u56e2\u961f\u5411Intel\u3001AMD\u3001ARM\u62a5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u7ea7\u7684<strong class=\"bold\">\u6f0f\u6d1e<\/strong>\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u662f<strong class=\"bold\">\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732<\/strong>\uff0c\u4fee\u590d\u8be5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u81f3\u5c1130%\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u635f\u5931\u30022017\u5e74\u672bLinux\u5185\u6838\u793e\u533a\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86KPTI\u300cKernel Page Table Isolation\u300d\u8865\u4e01\uff0cLinus Torvalds\u5728\u5185\u6838\u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u4e0a\u6beb\u4e0d\u7559\u60c5\u5730\u62a8\u51fb\u4e86Intel\u3002\n\n\u5b89\u5168\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u547d\u540d\u4e3a<strong class=\"bold\">Meltdown<\/strong>\u548c<strong class=\"bold\">Spectre<\/strong>\uff1bMeltdown\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eIntel\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u90e8\u5206ARM\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0cSpectre\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ecAMD\u3002\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u6f0f\u6d1e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fee\u590d\u3002\n\n\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709<strong class=\"bold\">\u4e91\u5382\u5546<\/strong>\u9020\u6210\u8f83<strong class=\"bold\">\u5927\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u6709\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5728\u5229\u7528\u6f0f\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u4e91\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Microsoft Azure\u4e2d\u56fd\u533a\u5df2\u53d1\u5e03\u516c\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f42018 \u5e74 1 \u6708 4 \u65e5\u4e0a\u5348 11:30 \u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u5173\u95ed\u5411\u90e8\u5206\u5ba2\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u81ea\u52a9\u7ef4\u62a4\u7a97\u53e3\uff1bAWS\u4e5f\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u901a\u77e5\u90ae\u4ef6\u58f0\u79f0\u672c\u5468\u4e94\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<h3>\u539f\u56e0<\/h3>\n\n\n\u4e00\u5207\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u4eceCPU\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u2014\u2014\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002Intel\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u660e\u77e5\u4f60\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bfb\u53d6Kernel\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3CPU\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u53d8\u6570\u3002\n\n\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u8fc7<strong class=\"bold\">\u4e91\u6749\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u8f7d<\/strong>\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u300a<strong class=\"bold\">x86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b3a\u6ce8\u7cfb\u5217<\/strong>\u300b\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4e00\u70b9\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a\n\nx86 CPU\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u591a\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u7ec4\u6210\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u4f60\u6682\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u671b\u6587\u751f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u8fd9\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u71b5\u589e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u71b5\u589e\u5e26\u6765\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<h3>\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u56f0\u5883<\/h3>\n\n\n\u8bb2\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5148\u6302\u4e00\u5f20memory\u00a0hierarchy\u9547\u697c\uff1a\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"card-img\" contenteditable=\"false\">\n\n<header class=\"toolbar\">\u00a0<\/header>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wx2.sinaimg.cn\/large\/005wqGBoly1fn5oqpfwg7g30na0f5q36.gif\" \/>\n\n\n\n<footer class=\"toolbar\" data-action=\"image_del\">\u79fb\u9664<\/footer>\n\n\n \n<figcaption data-action=\"image_caption\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u5b57<\/figcaption>\n \n<\/figure>\n\n\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6ca1\u592a\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u5185\u6838\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u6700\u7ec8\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u8dd1\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u76f4\u63a5\u548cCPU\u6838\u5fc3\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\uff08L1 Cache\uff0c\u4e1a\u5185\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u7f29\u5199L1$\uff0c\u53d6cash\u4e4b\u97f3\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u8ddf\u4e0aCPU\u5904\u7406\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\n\n\n<blockquote><strong class=\"bold\">Side Notes:\u00a0<\/strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6210\u672c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u7f13\u5b58\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6162\u3002\u800c\u7f13\u5b58\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u5feb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\u6839\u636e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u300cVirtual address\u300d\u548c\u5176\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u300cphysical address\u300d\u3002\n\n\u4ece\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8f6c\u6362\u4e5f\u7531CPU\u901a\u8fc7page table\u5b8c\u6210\u3002Page table\u5e76\u4e0d\u50a8\u5b58\u5728CPU\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u671f\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u7684Page table entry\u300cPTE\u300d\u90fd\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u4e86CPU\u4e2d\u7684translation lookaside buffer\u300cTLB\u300d\u91cc\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u518d\u8fc7\u591a\u5806\u780c\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u753b\u5f20\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"card-img\" contenteditable=\"false\">\n\n<header class=\"toolbar\">\u00a0<\/header>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wx2.sinaimg.cn\/large\/005wqGBoly1fn5or0dtxij30qs0m774y.jpg\" \/>\n\n\n\n<footer class=\"toolbar\" data-action=\"image_del\">\u79fb\u9664<\/footer>\n\n\n \n<figcaption data-action=\"image_caption\">\u70b9\u51fb\u6b64\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u5b57<\/figcaption>\n \n<\/figure>\n\n\u5f53CPU\u6839\u636e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u5728L1 Cache\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94CPU\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0cL1\u7f13\u5b58\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3aVirtually indexed physically tagged\u300cVIPT\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5373\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u8be5\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u9053\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5de5\u5e8f\u3002\n\n\u5982\u679cL1 Cache miss\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u4f46\u8d8a\u8fc7L1 Cache\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9L2$\u548cL3$\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e25\u82db\u3002\u6b64\u65f6CPU core\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5148\u901a\u8fc7TLB\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u518d\u9001\u5165\u4e0b\u7ea7\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u800c\u68c0\u67e5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bfb\u53d6\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u5740\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u4e86L1 Cache\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\n\nL1\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc5\u987b\u6c42\u201c\u5feb\u201d\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6954\u5b50\u3002\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<h3>\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b<\/h3>\n\n\n\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u9047\u5230<strong class=\"bold\">if..else..<\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5206\u652f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e00\u5206\u652f\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u771f\u6b63\u8fd4\u56de\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\u5206\u652f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8fde\u8f7d\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\n\n\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e8b\u540e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165L1\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5728Intel\u7684\u5b98\u7f51\u6587\u6863<i class=\"italic\">\u300aIntel\u00ae 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual\u300b<\/i>\u7b2c2.3.5.2\u8282\u4e2d\u6307\uff1a\n\nL1 DCache Loads:\n\n&#8211; Be carried out speculatively, before preceding branches are resolved.\n\n&#8211; Take cache misses out of order and in an overlapped manner.\n\n<strong class=\"bold\">Show you the [\u4f2a] code:<\/strong>\n\nif\u00a0(likely(A &lt;\u00a0B))\u00a0{\u00a0 \u00a0 value =\u00a0*(kernel_address_pointer);}\n\n\u5f53\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6A &lt; B\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u771f\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u4f1a\u53bb\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5185\u6838\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5f53\u5b9e\u9645\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3aA &gt; B\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5185\u6838\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u5199\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08\u6ca1\u6709retire\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5b58\u5165L1 Cache\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6L1 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